镉和磷酸根离子在铝柱撑膨润土上的协同吸附

羟基金属柱撑粘土矿物表面带有大量强反应活性的羟基金属基团,因而对重金属阳离子和和含氧酸根阴离子都具有很好的吸附能力,相关研究特征也有大量研究报道。但实际环境中重金属阳离子和和含氧酸根阴离子往往共存,而它们在柱撑粘土上同时吸附的特征则鲜有研究报道。以铝柱撑膨润土(Al-Bent)为柱撑粘土代表,研究了重金属阳离子Cd2+和含氧酸根阴离子磷酸根(H2PO4-)共存条件下2种污染物在Al-Bent上的吸附特征。研究结果显示,Cd2+和H2PO4-在Al-Bent上具有协同吸附效应,即共存离子可以促进Al-Bent对另一污染物的吸附性能。吸附过程的pH变化特征表明,Cd2+主要通过与铝羟基上的H交换被吸附,H2PO4-则与铝羟基上的羟基交换被吸附;而两者共同吸附时,则可形成Al-PO4-Cd三元络合物。XPS研究结果进一步证实了在Al-Bent上生成了三元络合物。因此,羟基金属柱撑粘土作为多功能吸附剂可用于含重金属阳离子和含氧酸根阴离子的复杂废水的处理。     

中国排污权交易体系模式及选择研究

实行污染物排污权交易是中国环境管理科学转变的必然。本文对最早且成功实施了排污权交易的美国交易模式进行了研究,分析了ERCs模式、EA模式、DERs模式的特点和优劣,并根据中国的实际和环境管理特点,提出逐步实行兼有行政管理和经济刺激的优点、具有现实应用可能和可操作性的排污削减信用模式(ERCs)的结果。     

饮用水中细菌耐药及其健康风险研究进展

抗生素的长期滥用,使得环境细菌耐药性不断增强,加速了耐药基因(antibiotics resistance genes,ARGs)在环境中的传播扩散,并给饮用水带来健康风险。在介绍饮用水中抗生素和耐药基因污染现状的基础上,阐述了耐药基因在饮用水中的来源和归趋,对环境中抗生素和耐药基因的人体健康风险做了初步探讨,针对目前饮用水的污染现状,对今后有关饮用水中细菌耐药的研究进行了展望。     

基于代谢组学技术的金刚烷胺胁迫刺参的毒性作用机制研究

本研究基于非靶向代谢组学方法,分析了暴露于100 μg·L^-1金刚烷胺下96 h的刺参代谢物组成及含量变化,以探究金刚烷胺对刺参肠道组织毒性及其相关分子机制。代谢组学结果表明,与对照组相比,金刚烷胺胁迫下,刺参肠道代谢物发生改变,共有115种差异表达代谢物,其主要功能分为二肽、类固醇、嘌呤和嘧啶。差异代谢物功能通路的富集结果表明,氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢、信号转导、核苷酸代谢和内分泌系统等生物过程受到显著影响。根据筛选出的差异代谢物的生理功能及其涉及的代谢通路分析,发现刺参信号传导和能量代谢功能受到干扰,可能由于腺苷和单磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量下降;睾酮和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA)含量下降可能对刺参的性别分化和胆固醇代谢产生影响;甘氨酸和脯氨酸含量上升可能是刺参胶原蛋白的降解造成的。本研究探究了金刚烷胺对刺参肠道组织毒性作用的分子机制及刺参的响应调控机制,为后期深入研究毒性机制提供理论依据。     

Cadmium distribution in rice plants grown in three different soils after application of pig manure with added cadmium

A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate Cd concentrations in the aboveground parts of two consecutive crops of rice and Cd availability in three different soils (loam, silt loam, and sandy loam) after application of pig manure with added Cd. Soil pH tended to increase with increasing application rate of pig manure from 1 to 3% (w/w, oven dry basis). Soil diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd showed a clear positive correlation with soil total Cd content and increased with increasing Cd amendment of the manure but showed no difference between the two manure application rates. Cd concentrations in the grain, husk, and straw were significantly and positively correlated with soil DTPA-extractable Cd (p < 0.001). Within each level of manure Cd, the higher rate (3%) of manure produced lower Cd concentrations in the grain, husk, and straw on all three soils than did the lower rate (1%) after the first crop, but this no longer occurred after the growth of the second crop. Grain Cd concentrations exceeded the Chinese National Food Quality Standard (0.2 mg kg(-1)) most often on the loam, with intermediate frequency on the silt loam, and least often on the sandy loam, the soil with the highest pH and lowest organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity.     

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a commonly used and sustainable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyphosphate, and glycogen are three kinds of intracellular storage polymers in phosphorus accumulation organisms. The variation of these polymers under different conditions has an apparent influence on anaerobic phosphorus release, which is very important for controlling the performance of EBPR. To obtain the mechanism and kinetic character of anaerobic phosphorus release, a series of batch experiments were performed using the excessively aerated sludge from the aerobic unit of the biological phosphorus removal system in this study. The results showed that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) had an increasing trend, while the mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS) and ashes were reduced during the anaerobic phosphorus release process. The interruption of anaerobic HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release occurs when the glycogen in the phosphorus-accumulating-organisms is exhausted. Under the condition of lower initial HAc-COD, HAc became the limiting factor after some time for anaerobic HAc uptake. Under the condition of higher initial HAc-COD, HAc uptake was stopped because of the depletion of glycogen in the microorganisms. The mean ratio of Δρ _P/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _GLY/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _P/ΔCOD, was 0.48, 0.50, 0.44, and 0.92, respectively, which was nearly the same as the theoretical value. The calibrated kinetic parameters of the HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release model were evaluated as follows: Q _HAc,max was 164 mg/(g · h), Q _P,max was 69.9 mg/(g · h), K _gly was 0.005, and KCOD was 3 mg/L. An apparently linear correlation was observed between the ratio of Δρ _P/ΔCOD and pH of the solution, and the equation between them was obtained in this study.     

南亚热带丘陵土壤水分循环及其有效性的研究──Ⅵ.丘陵赤红壤-果树-大气连续体中能量的变化及其分布规律

依据田间实测资料,分析了南亚热带丘陵赤红壤-果树-大气连续体中的能量变化及其分布规律、结果表明,土壤基质势的年度变化特征说明南亚热带丘陵赤红壤存在明显的湿季和旱季．果树叶水势随土壤基质势、大气水势、气温及大气相对湿度的变化而变化,荔枝、龙眼叶水势的变化比芒果叶水势的变化大.以荔枝、芒果和龙眼作为供试植物,水分从土壤到达植物根表皮、进入根系并通过植物茎到达叶片,其能量降低分别约为0．9063～1.7428、0．2818～0．6979和0．2904～1．8707MPa;水分从叶部汽化扩散到大气中,其能量降低分别达15．1491～57．3669、15．4491～58．4036和14．5824～56．9536MPa,说明水流在南亚热带丘陵赤红壤-果树-大气连续体中运移时,其能量主要消耗在由叶部到大气这一环节上。     

臭氧法对酸性嫩黄G溶液的脱色效率和残留物的分析

实验考察了臭氧对酸性嫩黄G色度脱除和其溶液pH值的变化情况,并对降解溶液中的残留物进行定量分析。结果发现,20min时,脱色率达到97.5%;有酸性物质生成并使得溶液的pH值随反应时间的推移下降,pH与脱色率总体变化趋势一致。经反应,分子中的—SO3Na基团大部分生成了SO42-;N并没有氧化成NO2-、NO3-,而是生成其它含N化合物。     

垃圾填埋场稳定化及其研究现状

文章对直埋场稳定化过程进行了初步描述,并从填埋气、渗滤液、垃圾组成和沉降等４个方面总结了填埋场稳定化的研究现状。     

坡地赤红壤物理退化及其机理研究──Ⅲ.土壤物理退化机理分析

主要通过相关统计和综合分析,探讨坡地赤红壤物理退化的内部和外部环境的影响因素．指出养分贫瘠化,尤其是贫有机质化是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的主要内部原因,植被破坏则是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的外部因素、而人类活动的影响对坡地赤红壤的物理退化有重要作用。