能源富集城市的可持续发展探讨——以甘肃庆阳为例

能源富集城市是指该市的能源储藏量丰富,能源工业的收入是该市的主要经济支柱。能源富集城市在享受能源开采利用带来巨大的收益同时,也在饱受着能源开采利用带来巨大的恶果。本文以庆阳市为例．首先分析了庆阳市发展过程中存在的问题,其次借鉴成功转型的能源城市案例,对庆阳市成功转型,走上可持续发展道路提出了相关的对策建议。     

Recent advances on porous organic frameworks for the adsorptive removal of hazardous materials

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today,and has attracted widespread attention worldwide. The burgeoning class of crystalline porous organic framework materials, metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks present promising application potential in areas related to pollution control due to their interesting surface properties. In this review, the literature of the past five years on the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials, mainly including heavy metal ions, harmful gases, organic dyes, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and radionuclides from the environment by using COFs and MOFs, is summarized. The adsorption mechanisms are also discussed to help understand their adsorption performance and selectivity. Additionally, some insightful suggestions are given to enhance the performance of MOFs and COFs in the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials.     

Formation and control of disinfection byproducts and toxicity during reclaimed water chlorination: A review

Chlorination is essential to the safety of reclaimed water; however, this process leads to concern regarding the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and toxicity. This study reviewed the formation and control strategies for DBPs and toxicity in reclaimed water during chlorination. Both regulated and emerging DBPs have been frequently detected in reclaimed water during chlorination at a higher level than those in drinking water, indicating they pose a greater risk to humans. Luminescent bacteria and Daphnia magna acute toxicity, anti-estrogenic activity and cytotoxicity generally increased after chlorination because of the formation of DBPs. Genotoxicity by umu-test and estrogenic activity were decreased after chlorination because of destruction of toxic chemicals. During chlorination, water quality significantly impacted changes in toxicity. Ammonium tended to attenuate toxicity changes by reacting with chlorine to form chloramine, while bromide tended to aggravate toxicity changes by forming hypobromous acid. During pretreatment by ozonation and coagulation, disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPFP) and toxicity formation potential (TFP) occasionally increase, which is accompanied by DOC removal; thus, the decrease of DOC was limited to indicate the decrease of DBPFP and TFP. It is more important to eliminate the key fraction of precursors such as hydrophobic acid and hydrophilic neutrals. During chlorination, toxicities can increase with the increasing chlorine dose and contact time. To control the excessive toxicity formation, a relatively low chlorine dose and short contact time were required. Quenching chlorine residual with reductive reagents also effectively abated the formation of toxic compounds.     

我国农耕土壤Cd污染与植物修复现状

中国人均耕地面积不足,农耕土壤的Cd污染问题对土壤资源的可持续利用和农作物的安全构成了巨大的潜在威胁。通过简述中国农耕土壤Cd污染现状和造成农耕土壤Cd污染的原因,并结合中原地区农耕土壤Cd污染调查情况,概述了中国近5年农耕土壤和农作物受到Cd污染的程度。总结近年来国家在济源开展植物修复土壤Cd污染试点工程及湖南启动长株潭耕地重金属污染修复以及农作物种植结构调整试点工程的修复效果,并简述了目前中国土壤的治理措施。最后,通过试点工程期间遇到的问题探究中国农耕土壤Cd污染的修复之路,展望未来Cd污染土壤修复工作的重点和预防措施。     

灌河口附近海域水质状况调查研究

近海水域的水环境对沿海城市的可持续发展具有重要意义.根据2006年4、5月灌河口附近海域水质监测资料,对海域的水质状况进行了分析和评价研究.结果表明:pH符合《海水水质标准》(GB3097-1997)Ⅰ类水质标准,DO、COD符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量的平均值在0.031～0.062mg/L间变化,水质符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量已经超过Ⅲ、Ⅳ类水质标准;灌河口附近特殊的潮流场及苏北沿岸流对污染物质的空间分布格局的影响较大,建议对该海域进行大规模的水文监测分析,加强对海域环境的科学管理,以便及时采取对策.     

唐山市发展循环经济的思考

文章从树立和落实全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观的高度出发,结合唐山市产业结构、资源现状、环境保护以及发展循环经济的政策思路,阐述了发展循环经济的必要性、可行性,并从1.政府层面抓好宏观建设,建立循环经济有力保障措施;2.企业层面抓好重点环节,建立循环经济技术支撑体系;3.公众层面加大宣传力度,建立循环经济发展良好氛围三个方面论述了发展循环经济的具体措施和办法.并指出,唐山市发展循环经济意义重大,不仅是转变经济增长方式的有效途径,也是真正实现可持续发展的现实选择.     

城市生活垃圾压缩站环境污染研究

通过对垃圾压缩站内生活垃圾进行采样分析、压实试验和环境污染检测，得出了城市生活垃圾压实密度和施加压力的关系曲线，确定了对垃圾压实的合适压力范围为0．1～0．2MPa；垃圾压缩站环境污染严重，垃圾压缩污水量为10-50kg／t，其中BOD5和COD平均分别超标111倍和486倍；环境噪音只有50m以外才能达到居民区环境质量二级标准（60dB（A））的噪音要求；产生的臭气在较低风速下一般扩散25m时污染达到最大，NH3、H2S分别可以达到0．011、0．0046mg／m^3，这个值占容许浓度的55％和46％。     

酸性甲醛改性对花生壳吸附重金属离子的影响

花生壳的酸性甲醛改性对重金属离子的吸附有较大影响.改性过程使花生壳中一些含有羟基、羧基、芳香环、C-O和C-O-C键的混合物被脱除.改性后花生壳的等电点略有升高,而和羧基有关的表面负电荷量则明显降低.混合物的脱除使Pb2 的吸附量明显降低,Cr3 、Cu2 的吸附量改变不大.改性使羧基减少的同时也暴露了新的Cr3 、Cu2 的吸附位点.改性还有利于增加重金属离子在花生壳内孔中的传质速率,从而使吸附达到平衡的时间略有减少.     

The levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River, China

The levels and distribution patterns of the selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs=p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH) in surficial sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River of Tianjin were investigated by means of gas chromatography coupled with micro-electronic capture detector (GC-microECD). Concentrations of OCPs in the sediments from the Haihe River ranged from 1.88 to 18.76ng g(-1) (mean 7.33ng g(-1)) for sum HCH, 0.32-80.18ng g(-1) (mean 15.94ng g(-1)) for sum DDT. Compared with the Haihe River, the Dagu Drainage River was much more contaminated by HCHs and DDTs, wherein sum HCH ranged from 33.24 to 141.03ng g(-1) (mean 87.74ng g(-1)) and sum DDT ranged from 3.60 to 83.49ng g(-1) with a mean value of 35.52ng g(-1). The concentration distribution of sum DDT and sum HCH was different indicated their different contamination sources. Composition analyses indicated that a recent usage or discharge of HCH and DDT into the Dagu Drainage River.     

海峡西岸沿海地区经济发展与环境保护协调性研究

随着国家"一带一路"战略的深入,海峡西岸沿海地区进入新一轮快速发展阶段."工业补课"为主要模式的工业发展带动下,海西地区二产长期占主导地位,且呈现出明显的工业重型化特征.石化、火电等产业为主的沿海产业带初具规模,资源推动型、投资拉动型经济发展特征明显,导致生态用地占用、资源环境超载等环境问题凸显.建议海西地区快速发展中,首先确定、维护好区域及城市的生态环境功能定位,以此作为促进经济社会与环境保护协调发展的基础.