Reservoir Operation with Feedback in a Coupled Land Surface and Hydrologic Model: A Case Study of the Huai River Basin,China

Regarding emerging large‐scale reservoir operation models, reports of reservoir operation feedback for hydrologic modeling are rare, and little attention has been paid to flood control. An operation scheme considering multilevel flood control (MLFC) was first proposed in this study, but more reservoir information was needed. Thus, an alternative scheme was proposed that consisted of a modified version of the reservoir operation scheme in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model (MSWAT scheme). These schemes were coupled to a land surface and hydrologic model system with feedback, i.e., a system in which reservoir operation can affect the subsequent simulation, and were investigated in the Huai River Basin. The results show reservoir storage and peak flow were generally overestimated by the original SWAT reservoir scheme (SWAT scheme). Compared with the SWAT scheme, the MSWAT scheme successfully reduced the simulated storage and peak flow at the reservoir stations. For the downstream stations, the streamflow simulations were improved at a significance level of 5%. The performances of the MSWAT and MLFC schemes at the reservoir stations were nearly equivalent. Importantly, reservoir operation feedback to hydrologic modeling was necessary because the reservoir operation effects could not be transferred downstream without it. The streamflow simulation of a reservoir station located on a flat plain was less sensitive to feedback than that of a mountain reservoir station.     

Uptake, translocation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maize (Zea mays L.)

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in the present study to investigate and compare plant uptake, translocation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) of BDE-15, BDE-28 and BDE-47 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of PCB-15, PCB-28 and PCB-47 in maize. Root concentrations of BDE-15, BDE-28 and BDE-47 were consistently higher than PCB-15, PCB-28 and PCB-47, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was found between logRCF (root concentration factor) and logKow of these PBDEs and PCBs, suggesting a control role of their partitioning in plant uptake. The translocation factors (TFs, Cstem/Croot) of PBDEs were generally lower than those of PCBs of the same halogen-substitutions, demonstrating easier transport of PCBs than PBDEs. Metabolites mono-, di- and tri-BDEs and PCBs were detected, suggesting the existence of in vivo metabolism of PBDEs and PCBs in maize. Dehalogenation and rearrangement of halogen atoms were identified, and some similarities but also significant differences existed between the PBDEs and PCBs. PBDEs in maize were, in general, more susceptible to metabolism compared with PCBs of the same halogen-substitutions. This is the first comparative report on the uptake, translocation and metabolism of PBDEs and PCBs in plants.     

New insights into the sorption mechanism of cadmium on red mud

Effectiveness and mechanism of cadmium (Cd) sorption on original, acidified and ball milling nano-particle red muds were investigated using batch sorption experiments, sequential extraction analysis and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd was 0.16, 0.19, and 0.21 mol/kg for the original, acidified, and nano-particle red muds at pH 6.5, respectively. Both acidification and ball-milling treatments significantly enhanced Cd sorption and facilitated transformation of Cd into less extractable fractions. The Cd L_III-edge XANES analysis indicated the formation of inner-sphere complexes of Cd similar to XCdOH (X represents surface groups on red mud) on the red mud surfaces although outer-sphere complexes of Cd were the primary species. This work shed light on the potential application of red mud to remediate Cd-contaminated soils and illustrated the promising tool of XANES spectroscopy for speciation of multicomponent systems of environmental relevance.     

Experiment and calculation of deposition velocity of suspended particles in storm drainage

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Deposition particles can lead to blockage, odor, and corrosion of pipes, and the deposition process of suspended particles is particularly...     

介孔碳吸附再生组合工艺处理难降解有机磷废水

以自制介孔碳（MC）为吸附剂,采用吸附—电-臭氧-UV再生组合工艺将难降解有机磷三（2-羧乙基）膦（TCEP）富集后转化为磷酸盐释放,为后续磷回收提供基础。运用TEM,SEM,XRD等技术对MC进行了表征。表征结果显示,MC为碳纳米线堆积有序介孔结构,比表面积为699.76 m²/g,可为有机磷提供吸附位点。在吸附温度为298 K、TCEP初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为1 g/L的条件下,MC对TCEP的平衡吸附量为33.72 mg/g。利用电-臭氧-UV对MC进行再生,总磷释放率可达100%,并基本矿化为磷酸盐,再生效率显著高于臭氧、臭氧-H₂O₂、臭氧-UV等方法。     

饮用水消毒工艺对病毒的灭活

饮用水中的病毒会引发人体健康风险,故消毒是饮用水生物安全的重要屏障。为了比较不同消毒工艺对病毒的灭活效果,在总结水介质中常见病毒的种类及特性的基础上,围绕当前饮用水处理中广泛应用的消毒工艺(氯、氯胺、臭氧、二氧化氯、紫外线),梳理了各种消毒工艺的原理、影响因素、消毒效果及实际应用中的问题。鉴于消毒工艺进水水质对病毒灭活效果影响较大,且饮用水常规、深度处理工艺均可直接、间接强化对病毒的去除效果,故提出"常规处理+深度处理+消毒"协同高效运行的饮用水多级屏障处理工艺,以有效控制病毒等致病微生物引发的饮用水水质风险。     

典型石化企业排放有毒有害大气污染物人体健康风险评估

石化行业生产过程中会产生有毒有害大气污染物,并可能对人体健康产生危害。为贯彻落实《大气污染防治法》第七十八条中对有毒有害大气污染物(hazardous air pollutants,HAPs)实行风险管理,评估环境风险的要求,有必要开展石化企业排放HAPs的人体健康风险评估。本研究采用美国环境保护局(US EPA)发布的人体健康风险评估手册F部分吸入风险评估指南中的方法,推算出HAPs物质对人体健康的致癌风险值和非致癌风险值;通过CALPUFF模型模拟预测出典型石化企业HAPs物质扩散范围及空气中的浓度,并将模拟预测得到的污染物浓度与推算得到的风险值进行比较,进而表征园区内该企业排放HAPs对人体健康的风险。结果表明,基于最坏情况分析,该石化企业排放的HAPs致癌风险值为0.421μg·m-3,非致癌风险值为2.212μg·m-3,CALPUFF模拟预测空气中污染物浓度最大为0.62μg·m-3,且模型预测的月均浓度均未超过致癌和非致癌风险值,风险表征结果表明,该石化企业排放的HAPs物质对人体健康不存在致癌和非致癌风险。但本研究仅针对某石化企业开展人体健康风险评估,并不能代表石化行业排放有毒有害大气污染物对人体健康风险的整体水平。     

微塑料在土壤-地下水中的环境行为及其生态毒性研究进展

微塑料已成为一类新型污染物遍布全球各个角落,由此产生的环境问题日趋严峻。第二届联合国环境大会上将微塑料污染列为环境与生态科学研究领域的第二大科学问题。目前大多数研究集中在海洋环境方面,有关土壤-地下水系统中微塑料的环境行为及生态毒性相关研究还较为薄弱。本文基于大量文献调研,较系统地回顾梳理了有关土壤-地下水中微塑料的来源、迁移归趋及其生态毒理效应的研究成果,并对未来研究做出评述和展望,旨在促进土壤-地下水系统中微塑料污染的相关研究。     

水中二氧化氯静态膜分离的研究

利用二氧化氯在360nm处有一最大吸收峰以及二氧化氯能够通过微孔性聚四氟乙烯膜的特性进行了静态膜分离的研究。通过研究温度和二氧化氯的浓度对分离效果的影响,可以确定：温度越高越有利于二氧化氯的膜分离,但温度高于20℃时二氧化氯会发生分解,故最佳分离温度应为20℃。     

五箱一体化脱氮除磷工艺在示范工程中的应用

五箱一体化工艺是东南大学开发的新型脱氮除磷工艺.示范工程运行表明,该工艺具有自动化程度高、投资少、占地小和运行费用低等优点,并具有良好的脱氮除磷效果.出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准,氮、磷的去除率分别可达70%和90%左右.示范工程的成功运行为该工艺的推广应用奠定了基础.