烟台市环境空气自动监测中PM10与PM2.5数据异常情况分析研究

根据2014年烟台市范围内全部环境空气自动监测点位的PM 10和PM2.5数据,分析了不同监测仪器组合下PM10和PM2.5的倒挂情况,选取了倒挂率较高的4种监测仪器组合,将监测数据分为不同季节和时段比较分析,结果表明:大气湿度较高的季节倒挂率高于其他季节,夜间倒挂率高于昼间,雾霾等重污染天气时高于其他时段.数据采集频率、监测方法、监测仪器、采样管加热方式不同以及测量误差等都是产生倒挂现象的因素.     

基于无线通讯技术的起重机抬吊同步控制系统改进

本文介绍了基于无线工业以太网通讯的可编程同步检测系统结构和设计方法、同步功能的检测原理及实现方法、调试和操作方法。通过在控制系统中加入信号反馈,将两台起重机的控制执行器信号和末端机械传动的差异值进行反馈跟踪,组成具有反馈功能的抬吊控制系统,在监測到执行器异步或末端传动异步现象时及时控制两车同步停止,从而避免吊物坠落等吊运事故的发生。     

Species identification and mutation breeding of silicon-activating bacteria isolated from electrolytic manganese residue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated...     

Simultaneous measurements of arsenic and sulfide using diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a dynamically passive sampling technique which has been applied increasingly to the environmental monitoring field. In the preliminary period, the DGT with zirconium hydroxide-silver iodide as the binding phase (ZrO-AgI DGT) has been developed for the determination of sulfide (S(II)). On this basis, this paper developed its determination method for inorganic arsenite (As(III)) to further realize the simultaneous and high-resolution measurements of labile inorganic As and S(II) in sediments. ZrO-AgI binding gel had a strong ability in adsorbing and fixing As(III), showing a linear increase in the initial 12.5 min. After saturation of S(II) on ZrO-AgI binding gel, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of As(III) reduced by 8 and 14%, respectively. A stable elution rate (89.1 ± 2.2%) was obtained by extraction of As(III) on the binding gel using a mixture solution of 1.0 M NaOH and 1.0 M H₂O₂ (1:1). The DGT capacity of As(III) determined by the ZrO-AgI DGT was 23.6 μg cm^?2. DGT uptakes of As(III) were independent of pH (4.0–9.0) and ionic strength (0.01–100 mM), and they did not interfere with each other during the uptake process. Simultaneous measurements of labile As and S(II) in four sediment cores of Taihu Lake (China) with ZrO-AgI DGT showed that they had similarly vertical distributions in the top 16-mm layer in one core and in the whole profile up to the 35 mm depth in two cores. It likely reflected a simultaneous release of As and S(II) in sediments by synchronous reduction of As-hosted oxidized iron and sulfate, respectively. The simultaneous decreases of labile As and S(II) from their co-precipitation (e.g., As₂S₃) were not obvious in deeper sediment layer through the measurement with ZrO-AgI DGT.     

浸水条件下环氧微表处与沥青路面层间抗剪性能的试验研究∗

微表处在工程应用过程中受水与车辆荷载作用,容易产生推移或整片剥落。为此,在微表处中添加适量不同种类的水性环氧树脂(Water-borne Epoxy Resin,WER)形成环氧微表处,通过拉伸试验和自主设计的45°斜剪试验,研究WER对环氧微表处在浸水条件下层间抗剪性能的影响。试验结果表明:胶结料在掺入刚性较大的WER后,随浸水时间增加,胶结料塑性变形能力削弱,弹塑性阶段与塑性阶段减短,脆性增加,而掺加柔性的WER,塑性阶段持续时间较长;浸水状态下,环氧微表处与沥青路面的层间抗剪强度影响因素主次顺序为油石比WER掺量WER掺加方式,而切向变形率的影响因素主次顺序为WER掺量WER掺加方式油石比。在工程应用中,建议采用油石比7%、WER掺量8%～12%且将环氧树脂与固化剂预先调和后加入水中,然后与集料进行拌合。     

Treatment of mature landfill leachate by biofilters and Fenton oxidation

A series of processes by biofilter and Fenton oxidation to treat mature landfill leachate has been devised. At a hydraulic loading rate of 20 l m^?3 d^?1, a biofilter packed with aged refuse is found to remove 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89% of ammonia nitrogen and 96% of total phosphorus (TP). Particularly, TP levels dropped below 1 mg l^?1. The optimal condition for Fenton oxidation was selected to be an initial pH of 5, a dosage of 0.01 and 0.02 mol l^?1 of FeSO₄ and H₂O₂, respectively, and a duration of 3 h, where COD removal efficiency reaches 58.6%, and BOD₅/COD ratio is raised from 0.05 to 0.20. Subsequent treatment by a biofilter packed with slag reduces COD, ammonia nitrogen levels to less than 100, 25 mg l^?1, respectively. A pilot scale experiment conducted in situ demonstrates that this series of processes exhibits a high efficiency in removing pollutants from mature landfill leachate and it is viable for application.     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE(BDE-47)and deca-BDE(BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and-209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations.(2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209.(3) Both BDE-47 and-209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females(OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females(MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and-209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)管理研究

自从人类发现南极上空臭氧层空洞以来,国际社会和各国政府为保护臭氧层,加速淘汰消耗臭氧层物质(简称ODS)做了不懈努力.自1989年《蒙特利尔议定书》生效至今,已经召开了25次缔约方大会,超过191个国家和地区加入了该议定书.中国于1991年加入该议定书后,积极履约,进行了大量关于ODS淘汰工作,当前还在进行加强地方消耗臭氧层物质淘汰履约能力建设二期项目工作,加快提升中国的ODS物质淘汰工作进度.     

穿城河流邕江水质主成分特征分析研究

采用多元统计主成分分析方法对城市河流邕江8个监测断面的高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生物需氧量、溶解氧等10个水质指标进行分析计算.结果表明:(1)提取占总方差86.99％的3个因子来反映邕江水体的污染程度:①以氨氮、高锰酸指数、总磷、溶解氧、石油类、化学需氧量等有机污染因子控制;②粪大肠菌群和酸碱性控制;③重金属也存在于邕江.(2)上游水质明显优于下游,表明城区产生的工业与生活污水对邕江水质产生了明显影响.