Analysis of the Henze precipitate from the blood cells of the ascidian<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Phallusia mammillata</Emphasis>

The Henze precipitate, a peculiar blue-green microparticulate obtained by lysis of the blood cells of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata (Protochordata), was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. The precipitate was collected from the Henze solution, an unstable red-brown product obtained by treating blood with distilled water, whose degradation yields a characteristic blue-green product. The microparticulates measured 50–100 µm in diameter and appeared irregular in shape. SEM examination showed smooth, roughly round boundaries. The microparticulate surface examined with AFM appeared as an irregular matrix formed by 70–320-nm-wide mammillate composites, including and embedding small (500–800 nm wide) crystal-like multilayered formations. X- ray analysis showed that the elements present in these same precipitates were mainly C, Si, Al and O. The microparticulate composition appeared close to those of natural waxes or lacquers, embedding amorphous silicates and/or other Si–Al components. The unusual occurrence of Si in ascidian blood and its role are discussed.     

应用 HCl-H_2O_2浸取原子吸收分光光度法测定地质材料中的 Sb、As、Bi、Cd、Cu、Pb、Mo、Ag 及 Zn

<正> 前言一个在地质勘探中用于测定九种元素的方法,已被定为美国地质调查所矿产资源评价计划的一部分。Viels曾提出过三个应用萃取体系的方法。但是,他应用的KClO_3-HCl浸取仅限于六种元素,因为Sb、Mo和As在溶液煮沸时回     

Enhanced removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from Cl(-Ⅰ)-diluted SO4(-Ⅱ)-rich wastewater at pH 2.3 via mixed tooeleite and(Cl(-Ⅰ)-free) ferric arsenite hydroxychloride formation

An advanced cost-saving method of removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from SO₄(-Ⅱ)-rich metallurgi cal wastewater has been developed by diluting the SO₄(-Ⅱ) content with As(Ⅲ)-Cl(-Ⅰ)-rich metallurgical wastewater and then by the direct precipitation of As(Ⅲ) with Fe(Ⅲ) at pH2.3.As(Ⅲ) removal at various SO₄(-Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) molar ratios and temperatures was investigated The results showed that 65.2–98.2%of As(III) immobilization into solids occurred at the SO₄(Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) mo...     

蛇纹岩——埃塞俄比亚锡达莫阿多拉砂金矿的一种可能来源

<正> 引言阿多拉(Adola)砂金矿产在埃塞俄比亚锡达莫省基布雷门吉斯特(Kibre Meng-hist)地区(图1)。该区多山,山坡陡峭,砂金矿是最近砾石和残留、半残留热带土壤(只是就地搬运)形成的。下伏于基布雷门吉斯特(阿多拉)地区的基底,是由三个主要的岩石序列组成的,它们被主要的不整合面和冲断层所分割。这三个岩石序列是,中部杂岩体的沃德拉群,由长石砂岩、石英岩和云母片岩组成,由变     

墨西哥湾外大陆架沉积物中磷的成岩控制

<正> 关于P在海洋环境中成岩作用的知识很重要,因为P是必需的微量营养素,常常是生物生长的限制因素。但是,由于P在沉积环境中的分配受很多地球化学变量的影响,因此,固     

Rb-Sr和K-Ar年龄测定法作为应用于沉积岩石和矿物的地层学工具

<正> 一、前言沉积岩年龄的直接测定是地质年代学问世以来,特别是六十年代以来 Hurley 等人文章中许多研究工作的主题。虽然沉积岩年龄测定的主要目的旨在确定数字年代地层的年龄,但是已经发表的数据表明,这一目的未必总是能达到的。对于所研究的地层来说,测得的表观年龄常常与所能接受的年龄不同。地球化学,岩石学和构造地质学有助于对火成岩同位素年龄     

Age-related decline in metabolic competence of small and medium-sized synaptic mitochondria

A computer-assisted morphometric investigation of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, selectively evidenced by preferential diaminobenzidine cytochemistry, has been carried out on synaptic mitochondria in the cerebellar cortex of adult and old rats. The ratio (R) of the area of the cytochemical precipitate (CPA) to the overall area of each mitochondrion (MA) was calculated. R refers to the fraction of the inner mitochondrial membrane actively involved in cellular respiration, thus its quantitative estimation constitutes a reliable index of the mitochondrial metabolic competence (MMC). In adult rats a significant negative correlation between MA and R values was found, while in old animals there was just a positive trend. Paired-quartile comparisons of R values showed a significant age-related decrease in small and medium-sized mitochondria, whereas the lowest and not significant age-related reduction was found in oversized organelles. A paired decrease in number and increase in size is reported to be a general trend for mitochondria during aging, but oversized organelles, according to their low R value, constitute a scanty, though functional, compensating reaction. Thus, the present findings support the argument that the currently reported age-related cellular metabolic decay appears to rely both on the decline in MMC of the small and medium-sized mitochondria, and on their specific reduction in number. This novel result is of biological relevance since it is largely the small and medium-sized mitochondria that are required for the provision of adequate amounts of ATP for actual cellular performance, while the significantly enlarged organelles are thought to represent an intermediate ultrastructural feature in mitochondrial genesis and/or remodelling.     

英国塘鹅蛋中多氯联苯同类物的时空变化趋势

1977～1998年间,在苏格兰西部的艾尔萨克雷格对收集到的塘鹅蛋中的多氯联苯(PCB)同类物进行了回顾性分析.对一些年份所收集的塘鹅蛋中每年选择8～10个对其PCB同类物浓度范围分别进行了分析.所有的同类物在几年之内浓度都降在低,但不同的同类物降解速率不同.     

Effects of atmospheric gases on terrestrial plants and critical levels of air pollution

An integrated approach was developed to determine the critical levels of air pollution for ecological standard setting based on the unified index of biological response, by taking into account the effects of all pollution components simultaneously. An empirical model of plant productivity was taken as the dose response model for gaseous pollutant effect on the productivity of trees and the annual productivity of plants was used as the above mentioned index. The CO2 increase in the lower atmosphere was considered to potentially increase plant productivity and NO2 was estimated as neutral while being dangerous for plants as a chemical precursor of ozone or as a source of acidification. The maximum permissible chronic O3 and SO2 levels for trees were estimated and it was found that O3 is much more phytotoxic, as compared to SO2 , with a rather narrow range of permissible levels (27-33 ppb) which complicates its monitoring and control.     

1957～1990年西北威尔士地区土壤酸性的增加

由自然界或人类活动排出的氧化硫或氧化氮所造成的酸沉降,会加剧土壤中阳离子的淋溶。如果土壤排水析出的主要离子是硫或氮,那么,为了保持土壤电荷呈中性就需要当量浓度阳离子。析出的阳离子常常被土壤交换体系用氢离子替代,结果,土壤的酸度增加。欧洲许多国家都报道过这种主要由人为排放二氧化硫和二氧化氮造成的土壤酸化问题。然而,除了在位于派克格拉斯和勃劳德鲍克的罗瑟姆斯太德试验站和基斯克劳福