大亚湾混凝土鱼礁和铁制鱼礁附着生物生态特征

为了解人工鱼礁的生物附着状况,于2008年6月和7月,对大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区中已投放1 a的混凝土礁体和铁制礁体上的附着生物进行了调查。2次调查共采集和鉴定出附着生物94种。其中,混凝土礁体附着生物种类达到73种,总生物量为27903.50 g/m2,多样性指数为4.68,均匀度指数为0.76。铁制礁体种类达到80种,总生物量为23023.00 g/m2,多样性指数为4.53,均匀度指数为0.72。人工鱼礁投放1 a后,礁体表面100%被生物所覆盖,三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus)是人工鱼礁区占据绝对优势的种类,其优势度达到0.1464。     

基于HLA的大气环境仿真应用研究

针对大气环境仿真的特点,采用HLA分布式仿真技术,论述了以HLA/RTI为支撑的大气环境分布式仿真体系结构、关键技术及实现方案,并对该环境下开发大气环境联邦成员进行了详细的说明,实现了大气环境建模与仿真应用的一体化设计,从而提高了大气环境仿真应用的互操作性和可重用性,为大气环境仿真向其它系统仿真应用提供了一种有效的手段。     

典型环境条件下装备环境适应性的评估方法

系统分析了航空装备环境适应的特点及环境适应性要求的类型。在此基础上,根据装备的相关环境试验信息和外场环境故障信息,遵循确定模糊集隶属函数的原则,分别构建了描述装备对单因素环境适应性的隶属度。基于单因素评估结果,选择合适的确定权重的方法,确定模糊综合评判中各层次因素的权重。最后选择合适的合成算子采用模糊综合评估的方法分别提出了装备与下层产品的综合环境适应性评估方法。通过实例验证了模型的合理性和方法的可行性。     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) during a fifteen-day test

The test was designed to assess the toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during 15 d with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurring on day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% when the concentration of MTBE was 50-100 mg/L on day 3-5. The low concentrations may lead to an algal bloom owing to overabundance, which represents an aquatic ecological risk. However, the stimulatory effect occurred only during the day 1-5 and disappeared gradually during the day 13-15. The toxicity of MTBE (72-120 h EC50) is 6.65×103-9.58×103 mg/L for C. ellipsoidea and that is 1.14×104-2.00×104 mg/L for A. spiroides. We found that the toxicity and ecological risk of MTBE for the algal community structure were low. The toxicity was influenced by the duration of the test. We suggest that the duration of the test should not be shorter than half a life-cycle.     

硝化过程中影响亚硝酸盐积累的因素

采用间歇式批试验法,改变pH值、DO浓度和温度,试验发现:当pH值分别为8.2、7.5、9.2、6.5和5.0,DO分别为1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L、4.5mg/L和温度为30℃、25℃、35℃和10℃时,氨氧化速率依次减小。进水氨氮浓度为50mg/L～250mg/L,保持pH值为8.0±0.2时,游离氨浓度为4.45mg/L～22.68mg/L左右,最大HNO2浓度远<0.2mg/L,游离氨和HNO2对好氧氨氧化菌的影响较小。结果表明,pH值、DO浓度和温度对好氧氨氧化菌的富集有显著影响。在富集过程中,控制pH值、DO浓度和温度是关键因素,游离氨和HNO2进行适当控制,以保证抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌而不抑制好氧氨氧化菌。     

红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件研究

采用单因素及正交方法,以微生物含量为主要检测指标,研究红霉素废液生产单细胞蛋白的工艺条件。探讨了接菌量、发酵培养基中废液含量、发酵时间、发酵pH值、氮源等因素对单细胞蛋白产量的影响。结果表明,红霉素废液发酵生产蛋白的适宜条件为:发酵培养基中废液含量20%,接菌量6%,pH=6,发酵时间72h。     

制革工业污水中氨氮产污解析

文章介绍了制革工业污水中NH3-N在各工序的排放特征,并对其在各工序中的产污情况进行了分析,提出了减少污水中氨氮排放的措施。     

城市生态环境质量评价方法探讨

文章采用综合指数法评价城市生态环境质量,首先确定选择评价指标的原则,然后确定评价指标及其权重,并根据评价指标的指数值计算城市生态环境质量综合指数值,再根据城市生态环境质量综合指数值确定城市生态环境的状态。     

基于总磷的长湖水环境容量核算

在对长湖流域水资源状况、水质现状、水文条件调查的基础上,根据水质目标的要求,利用纳污水体的概率型水环境容量模型,对基于总磷的长湖水环境容量进行了核算。结果表明：长湖的水环境容量是动态变化的,而模型的选取和参数的取值对概率型水环境容量的计算非常关键。通过计算分析得到长湖磷的概率水环境容量为：19％丰水期：41．9t／a-45．9t／a;49％平水期：31．8t／a～41．9Va;32％枯水期：11．8t／a～31．8t／a。     

A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time- and labor-consuming. This paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen, which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell (MFC). Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative control. It was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen, and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs. A parallel, stable, and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank run. The external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial period. The cathode with a five-hole configuration, used to hydrate the carbon cathode, gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole configuration. Steady discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen system. However, the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ. This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.