碗窑碾压混凝土坝变形成因分析及监控指标的拟定

鉴于碗窑碾压混凝土重力坝个别变形测点测值异常现象,依据大坝变形观测资料,通过变形规律时空分析和统计模型的建立,以及影响因子的分解,合理地解释了其变形成因,从而得出碗窑水库大坝变形性态总体正常的结论。为确保大坝安全运行,通过建立有限元力学模型和混合模型,拟定了典型坝段坝顶水平位移的一级监控指标,进而更有效地监控大坝的安全性态。另外,就个别测点坝段时效有呈逐年缓慢上升的趋势,建议管理单位加强观测,并及时分析,确保工程安全运行。     

考虑火场环境实时作用下的人群疏散仿真研究

在现行的性能化防火设计中,通常将火灾发展与人员疏散两个过程分开考虑,从而忽略了火场环境对人员疏散过程的实时作用。该方法与实际情况有很大差异。笔者借助火灾模拟程序CFAST和人员疏散仿真软件buildingEXODUS,以某地铁车站为例,进行了火场环境实时作用下的人群疏散仿真研究。结果表明,火场环境会降低人群的判断和活动能力,延长疏散时间并产生其他的不利后果。因此,在防火设计中考虑火场环境对人群疏散的实时影响是十分必要的。     

论我国非煤矿山安全生产标准体系构建思路

本文分析了我国目前非煤矿山安全生产标准体系建设的现状及存在的主要问题,阐述了建立一套科学、合理、完善的标准化体系对我国非煤矿山安全生产行业的重要意义;并根据非煤矿山安全生产标准体系建设的现状提出了我国非煤矿山安全生产标准体系建设的思路和基本框架,为今后非煤矿山安全生产标准体系建设提供一定基础。     

基于驾驶适宜性检测的沙漠公路驾驶员视觉特性分析

利用动体视力检测仪,对沙漠公路行车途中汽车驾驶员进行包括静视力和动体视力在内的视觉特性的实地测试,并就获得的1004个有效样本的检测数据进行统计整理,对受测驾驶员静、动体视力总体情况及其与驾驶员年龄、驾龄、持续行车时间、检测时的气温等因素之间的关系进行分析研究。对驾驶员视觉特性的实测分析表明:沙漠公路受测驾驶员静视力和动体视力平均值分别为1.3和0.7;动体视力相对于静视力的平均下降幅度为44.75%,远高于绿洲地区。关联度分析也表明,驾驶员的年龄、驾龄、驾车时间以及测试温度4项因素对其静视力、动视力以及视力降幅均具有较强的相关性,关联度均在0.76以上。     

城市生活垃圾处理业现状及对策分析

本文分析了我国城市生活垃圾处理业的现状及存在的问题,阐述了我国城市生活垃圾处理业的政策环境,并提出了促进城市生活垃圾处理业发展的对策建议。     

装修用人造板材的质量安全检测

针对目前家庭装修中所使用的人造板材品牌众多,质量参差不齐,容易造成安全隐患的现状,提出了一种无损检测的方法,并结合实际进行特征说明.     

自动监测技术在污染物总量控制监测上的应用

为配合<"九五"期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划>的实施,中国环境监测总站与燕化公司环境保护监测站合作,在燕化公司某化工厂排放口设立了水污染物总量控制自动监测技术示范工程.该示范工程采用在线流量计、pH计、COD仪、油监测仪、采样器等监测设备和技术,对水污染物在线自动监测技术进行了多方面的试验,为实施水污染物总量控制的在线自动监测提供了经验.     

世界自然遗产黄龙的可持续发展研究

1992年,黄龙风景名胜区作为自然遗产被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》,黄龙风景区以其特有的彩池、滩流、雪山、峡谷、古寺、民俗“六绝”而闻名于世,具有独特珍贵的地貌科研价值和景观美学价值.通过对黄龙风景名胜区的旅游资源分析,对比四川省的世界自然遗产,探讨其旅游发展的优势和机遇,对内部存在的问题做出了深入分析,提出为保护世界自然遗产黄龙风景名胜区的发展对策.     

Nitrogen removal from landfill leachate via ex situ nitrification and sequential in situ denitrification

Ex situ nitrification and sequential in situ denitrification represents a novel approach to nitrogen management at landfills. Simultaneous ammonia and organics removal was achieved in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The results showed that the maximum nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) was 0.65 g N l^?1 d^?1 and 3.84 g COD l^?1 d^?1, respectively. The ammonia and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was over 99% and 57%, respectively. In the run of the CSTR, free ammonia (FA) inhibition and low dissolved oxygen (DO) were found to be key factors affecting nitrite accumulation. In situ denitrification was studied in a municipal solid waste (MSW) column by recalculating nitrified leachate from CSTR. The decomposition of MSW was accelerated by the recirculation of nitrified leachate. Complete reduction of total oxidized nitrogen (TON) was obtained with maximum TON loading of 28.6 g N t^?1 TS d^?1 and denitrification was the main reaction responsible. Additionally, methanogenesis inhibition was observed while TON loading was over 11.4 g N t^?1 TS d^?1 and the inhibition was enhanced with the increase of TON loading.     

How much real cost has China paid for its economic growth?

China’s economic growth has a serious impact on the environment and resources. How much real cost did China pay for its economic growth? This paper estimates the monetary costs of resource depletion, environmental pollution, and ecological degradation. The paper examines the geographic distribution of resource and environmental losses across 31 provinces. The findings allow us to reach the following conclusions. First, the national cost of resource depletion, environmental pollution, and ecological degradation in 2005 was 2.5 trillion RMB. It accounted for 13.5% of China’s gross domestic product (GDP). Secondly, the cost of resource depletion, ecological degradation, and environmental pollution has a different spatial distribution. The cost of resources depletion mainly distributes in the central area, the cost of environmental pollution is in the eastern area, and the cost of ecological degradation lies in the western area. Thirdly, the cost of natural resources depletion is 1,672.5 billion RMB, accounting for 67.8% of the total cost of resource and environment. It indicates that economic development has a high cost of resource depletion.