嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌处理线路板行业污泥的无害化

研究了一株用于浸出线路板中Cu的嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans简称:A.f菌)在高固液比下无害化处理线路板污泥的影响.实验以A.f菌为原始菌种,通过周期性的驯化培养,在不同的浸出条件下探究了生物浸出时间、培养基pH值、菌种驯化周期、固液比和硫酸亚铁浓度等因素对A.f菌浸出线路板行业污泥中有价金属的影响.结果表明:当固液比高于1:20时,溶液中高浓度的重金属对微生物浸出有抑制作用,但通过连续的驯化培养可以提高菌种的耐受性,在FeSO4·7H2O投加量为60g/L、9k培养基初始pH为0.5、浸出时间为6d、固液比为1:10的条件下, Cu、Ni和Zn的浸出率可达:78%、53%和74%.     

烟道荷电凝并电场对电捕集微细粉尘效率的影响

针对目前电除尘技术存在亚微米(0.01~1μm)粉尘捕集难的问题,进行了微细粉尘的交变电场荷电凝并及对电除尘效率影响实验研究.结果表明,随着气体粒子动量、电场强度的增加,离子浓度也在增加,最大离子浓度为1.97×109/cm3;在电离电场强度峰峰值为1.75 kV/cm,频率为100Hz的交变电场里,中位径为0.2μm硅粉中的粒径<2μm的质量为71%,凝并后降至53%,粒径为5~10μm的硅粉质量增加了162%;中位径为0.2μm硅粉质量除尘效率提高了27.6%,除尘效率提高了近1倍;粉尘浓度对电凝并后的除尘效率影响有限.高流场中微细粉尘的交变电场荷电凝并技术为电捕集亚微米粉尘的有效途径.     

四溴双酚A的水溶性与辛醇/水分配系数及其影响因素初探

用摇瓶法研究了pH值和金属离子对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)表观溶解度(SW*)的影响,并以摇瓶法考察了TBBPA在辛醇/水体系的分配行为,以及pH、pH与腐殖酸复合作用对分配行为的影响.结果表明,TBBPA表观溶解度受pH控制,在酸性条件下(pH<6.0)TBBPA水溶解度为0.15 mg·1-1,随着pH值增加,TBBPA逐渐解离,表观溶解度变大,pH在6.5-7.5范围内其Sw*-pH曲线呈指数增长趋势,pH7.5左右SW-pH曲线发生突变,pH 8.5后增长趋势平缓,pH 9.1时表观溶解度为26.5 mg·1-1.金属离子在pH值介于6.5-7.5之间会增大TBBPA的表观溶解度,pH 8.0后增溶作用减小.TBBPA的辛醇/水分配系数(1gKOW)为5.20,随pH值增大,TBBPA倾向于进入水相,pH值介于7.0-8.0时表观辛醇/水分配系数(lgDOW)随pH值增大以近线性趋势减小,且由此求得TBBPA的pKa1=7.2;腐殖酸能增大TBBPA的亲水性,且这种影响跟pH值和腐殖酸浓度有关,低浓度腐殖酸对TBBPA亲水性影响不大,随着腐殖酸浓度增大,TBBPA的亲水性显著增大了,但这种由腐殖酸浓度引起的TBBPA亲水性差异随pH值增大而缩小.     

固定化球形红假单胞菌处理电镀废水中Cd和Cr的研究

比较了4种固定化球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides)处理含Cd、Cr重金属废水的效果,对固定化菌吸附Cd和Cr的工艺条件进行了优化,并通过生物反应器连续处理实际电镀废水,分析了处理后的效果。通过比较,确定了20g.kg-1沸石和20g.L-1海藻酸钠组合作为共固定材料,固定化菌对Cd和Cr的去除效果明显优于游离菌。采用正交试验优化废水处理工艺条件,结果表明,废水pH值、菌体投加量对固定化菌体的处理效果影响较大,当处理废水的pH值为6.0、菌体投加量为10.00g.L-1时,对40.00mg.L-1含Cd废水的去除率可达96.68%。4轮吸附-解吸循环试验结果显示,固定化菌体可重复利用3次,固定化菌体在使用第3次时,Cd去除率仍可达51.20%。在生物反应器中,用固定化菌体处理质量浓度为92.61mg.L-1的含Cd电镀废水,3h时对Cd的去除率达到98.80%,对含Cu、Au、Ni废水中重金属的去除率也高于90.00%。     

掘进巷道停风期间瓦斯超限应急处置技术研究

为解决掘进巷道停风导致的瓦斯浓度超限问题,提出1种利用瓦斯抽采管路进行局部抽出式通风的应急处置技术措施,并采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对比分析掘进巷道停风期间采取应急处置技术前后的掘进巷道瓦斯浓度分布规律和防治效果.结果表明:对掘进巷道内现有的瓦斯抽采管路进行改造,在掘进巷道停风情况下利用瓦斯抽采管路中的负压对...     

多种灾情预测模型的研究──2001年后上海市热带气旋灾情预测

采用３种方法,即灰色模型ＧＭ、自回归－滑动平均模型ＡＲＭＡ和人工神经网络ＡＮＮ预测了上海市２００１年后（含２００１年）强热带气旋出现的趋势与规律。结果表明,２００１,２００６和２０１０年将出现中级以上灾情,而前两个年份灾情较重．通过数值计算结果比较了３种方法的应用特点,为进一步建立综合预测模型打下基础。     

洞庭湖区洪涝危险性综合评价与分析

从分析洞庭湖区洪涝危险性形成机制出发,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,综合评价了洞庭湖区洪涝危险性。评价结果表明：湖区洪涝危险性总体程度较高;危险性程度无明显的地区差异;重点堤烷与蓄洪堤垸危险性程度差异较大;危险性程度呈现出堤垸平均规模越小,危险性程度越高的规律。     

Experiments and modelling of phenanthrene biodegradation in the aqueous phase by a mixed culture

Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） is widespread due to tmsuitable disposal of industrial waste. They are mostly defined as priority pollutants by environmental protection authorities worldwide. Phenanthrene, a typical PAH, was selected as the target in this paper. The PAH-degrading mixed culture, named ZM, was collected from a petroleum contaminated river bed. This culture was injected into phenanthrene solutions at different concentrations to quantify the biodegradation process. Results show near-complete removal of phenanthrene in three days of biodegradation if the initial phenanthrene concentration is low. When the initial concentration is high, the removal rate is increased but 20%-40% of the phenanthrene remains at the end of the experiment. The biomass shows a peak on the third day due to the combined effects of microbial growth and decay. Another peak is evident for cases with a high initial concentration, possibly due to production of an intermediate metabolite. The pH generally decreased during biodegradation because of the production of organic acid. Two phenomenological models were designed to simulate the phenanthrene biodegradation and biomass growth. A relatively simple model that does not consider the intermediate metabolite and its inhibition of phenanthrene biodegradation cannot fit the observed data. A modified Monod model that considered an intermediate metabolite （organic acid） and its inhibiting reversal effect reasonably depicts the experimental results.     

Environmental influence of Wuhan urban agglomeration development and strategies of environmental protection

In Wuhan urban agglomeration （WUA）, the population growth and concentration, the industrial development and urban sprawl have been affecting the environment ftmdamentally. Comparing with Yangtze delta metropolitan region, the level of urbanization and industrialization of WUA has lagged behind for about 10 years; but the problems in environmental protection and rehabilitation are commonly serious. In the future, WUA should avoid unnecessary mistakes and seek a win-win strategy for economy and environment in its large-scale development stage. Based on the analysis of the changing of main environmental pollutants and the coupled curves in past decades, the paper discussed the important links among the urban environmental pollutions, industry growth and urban sprawl in WUA. It is concluded that the integration of economic and environmental policies in urban development is more required and significant at the large urban agglomeration region. Four proactive and long-term strategies need to be adopted to provide prior guidance and better protection for the development of WUA.     

半封闭空间中水喷淋和泡沫灭火系统灭油池火实验研究

为了对比泡沫灭火系统和水喷淋灭火系统的灭火效率,采用装有400 mL汽油或柴油的280 mm×280 mm油盆模拟火源,分析了0.35,0.48和0.75 MPa压力下泡沫灭火系统和水喷淋灭火系统灭油池火的灭火时间、降温冷却效率及火焰面积。结果表明:泡沫灭火系统比水喷淋灭火系统灭油池火的效果更好,对汽油火的灭火时间比水喷淋灭火系统缩短了35.3%,压力对于灭火效率没有影响;柴油火的灭火效率随压力的增加而增加,不同压力下灭火时间比水喷淋灭火系统分别缩短了35.7%,42.9%和66.4%。