针对工作流量为2 L·min-1的切割器的捕集效率评价研究

为了评价市面上不同工作流量的切割器,本研究搭建了一套基于静态箱法的切割器捕集效率评价系统,可调节切割器的采样流量,结合空气动力学粒径谱仪对不同工作流量的切割器进行捕集效率测量.通过使用8种粒径的单分散聚苯乙烯微球,对多个品牌的工作流量为2、3及16.67 L·min^-1的PM₁、PM_2.5及PM₁₀切割器进行了评价,得到其捕集效率为50%时的空气动力学粒径分别为1.12、2.52和10.39 μm（品牌一）;2.69和10.41 μm（品牌二）;2.56、10.43 μm（型号Dust trak）;1.04、2.51 μm（型号VSCC）.本研究对于评价不同流量、不同原理的切割器的性能、提高颗粒物监测结果的准确性具有一定的科学意义.     

应城市农村居民点人口和用地规模预测

预测2020年应城市的农村居民点人口规模和用地规模。分别利用自然增长法、时间序列分析法和灰色系统等方法预测2020年应城市的农村人口规模;利用人均定额指标法预测2020年应城市农村居民点的用地规模。研究结果显示:(1)利用自然增长法预测2020年应城市农村人口规模为62.74万人;(2)利用时间序列分析法预测2020年应城市农村人口规模为64.4万人;(3)利用灰色系统法进行微分方程模型拟合,预测2020年应城市农村人口规模为65.48万人;(4)通过以上三种方法的预测结果比较得出2020年应城市农村人口的平均规模为64.2万人;(5)利用人均定额指标法预测2020年应城市农村居民点用地规模将达7704 hm~2。研究结论为应城市城乡建设用地增减挂钩项目开展奠定坚实基础。     

Preserving Environmental Integrity in standardised baselines: The role of additionality and uncertainty

The European Union EU project PROBASE hasexplored a range of possible multi projectstandardised benchmarks as a way ofencouraging projects under Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)by minimising transaction costs. The aim ofthis paper is to examine the environmentalintegrity of the use of standardisedbaselines and to explore the role ofadditionality. The environmental integritydepends on the uncertainty in emissionreductions, which was estimated bygenerating scenario baselines and comparingthese with the standardised baselines. Thishas allowed a comparison of selected multiproject baselines with the envelope ofuncertainty on the reductions. The projectsincluded a range of electricity supply,heat sector, cogeneration and methane(CH$_{4}$) projects in different countries. Theanalysis showed that the key uncertaintieswere in the technology fuel selection inthe baseline, the continued additionalityof the project emission reductions,uncertainties in some project emissions(e.g. spinning reserve emissions for wind)and data uncertainties. The effect on theestimation of reductions was in the range±12% to ±46% for the electricityprojects and from ±19% to ±57%for the heat and Combined Heat and Power CHP sector projects.Comparison with the envelope of uncertaintyfor the range of projects showed that multiproject electricity sector baselines whichhave been weighted or use high technologyperformance benchmarks (e.g. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD)can provide conservative estimates buttheir general nature can lead to variationsbetween countries. We would recommend thatthe country-specific context must be takeninto account so that standardised baselinesfor the electricity sector are generated onthe basis of country specificcharacteristics, the project type, andwhether it provides new or existing demand.The conservative scenario produced shouldthen be weighted. Whereas weightings havebeen applied to account for uncertaintiesor to bias towards renewables, we havesuggested a weighting factor of 25% on theelectricity baseline for large projectsbased on an analysis of the effect ofnon-additionality on emission reductionuncertainty. For heat projects, theappropriate benchmark is a technology/fuelbenchmark which is deemed relevant for theheat sector in that (part of the) country.Again we suggest that a weighted sectorbaseline is required to take account of theuncertainties. These recommendations applyto large projects only for a 10-yearcrediting lifetime.     

高羊茅对微牛物强化修复石油污染土壤影响的研究

进行了石油污染土壤在外源微生物菌剂和高羊茅协调作用下的强化修复试验，对外源微生物菌剂在不同植被条件下的去除特征进行了分析。分别进行了没有植物、高羊茅草坪、高羊茅草种新育草坪3种不同情况下的降解试验。结果表明，微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤有着良好的降解效果，去除率为36％-43％，而没有微生物菌剂和植被作用下的对照组的去除率仅为5．74％～6．0％；高羊茅草坪能够提高微生物进一步降解的能力，在直接铺草坪的情况下，去除率可以达到51％～62％；在播种高羊茅草种，形成新嫩草坪的情况下，去除率为48％～54％。结果表明，在直接铺高羊茅草坪条件下，微生物菌剂的强化分解作用可以提高41．6％-44．2％，在新嫩草坪作用下能够提高27．9％-30．6％，可以认为高羊茅草坪对于提高微生物菌剂的强化分解有一定的促进作用。在试验过程中还对不同修复的土壤pH值变化特性进行了分析。     

地市级环境监控中心空气质量子系统软件功能设计

遵循软件功能既符合环境管理使用要求,又可满足本部门监测业务需求的原则,以铜陵市环境监控中心空气质量子系统软件功能设计为例,分述其软件功能模块的设置和应用.     

昭通市民用型煤固硫脱硫实验研究

结合本地燃料煤特征、燃烧方式、固硫脱硫剂资源情况等,初步确定以生石灰为主固硫剂、窑泥巴为粘结剂,重点考察了固硫剂的适用温度、民用型煤固硫脱硫效果.     

The effectiveness of travel restriction measures in alleviating the COVID-19 epidemic: evidence from Shenzhen,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - With the expansion of the global novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, unprecedented interventions have been widely implemented in many countries,...     

Colloid characterization and in situ release in shallow groundwater under different hydrogeology conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Changes to groundwater hydrodynamics and chemistry can lead to colloid release that can have a major impact on the groundwater environment. To analyze...     

Traffic-related air quality assessment for open road tolling highway facility

Open road tolling (ORT) design has been considered as an effective means of smoothing highway traffic and reducing travel delay on toll highways. In this paper it is demonstrated that ORT can also achieve significant air quality benefits over the conventional toll plaza design. The near roadside carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels can be reduced by up to 37%, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions can decrease by as much as 58%. These large expected air quality benefits have great implications to the regional efforts of reducing mobile source air pollution toward achieving attainment status and healthier living environment.     

毛叶山桐子培育新方法及其工程化研究

毛叶山桐子的人工培育困难,至今没有人工林地。本研究通过小型试验、扩大试验和工程化试验,对毛叶山桐子的育苗方法进行了系统研究,得出了毛叶山桐子育苗的最佳条件。