Aluminium: The Need for a Re-Evaluation of Its Toxicity and Solubility in Mature Forest Stands

Aluminium (Al) is a key element in critical loadcalculations for forest. Here, we argue for re-evaluating theimportance of Al. Effects of two levels of enhanced Alconcentrations and lowered Ca:Al ratios in the soil solutionin a field manipulation experiment in a mature spruce stand(1996–1999) on tree vitality parameters were tested. Inaddition, Al solubility controls were tested. Various loads ofAl were added to forest plots by means of an irrigationsystem. Potentially toxic Al concentrations and criticalratios of Ca to inorganic Al were established. The ratio of Cato total Al was not a suitable indicator for unfavourableconditions for plant growth. No significant effects on crowncondition, tree growth and fine root production were observedafter three years of treatment. In 1999, foliar Mg content inthe highest Al addition treatment had declined significantly.This agreed with the known response to Al stress of seedlingsin nutrient solution experiments. No support was found forusing the chemical criterion Ca:Al ratio in soil solution,foliar and root tissue as an indicator for forest damage dueto acidification. Al solubility was considerably lower thanimplied by the assumption of equilibrium with gibbsite,particularly in the root zone. The gibbsite equilibrium iscommonly used in critical load models. Substitution of thegibbsite equilibrium with an Al-organic matter complexationmodel to describe Al solubility in soil water may have largeconsequences for calculation of critical loads. The resultsindicate that critical load maps for forests should bereconsidered.     

论总量控制与排污权交易

从总量控制与排污权交易的基本内涵和相互联系出发,分析了总量控制与排污权交易一体化政策对于环境经济、环境管理、企业管理及宏观经济等领域的意义,并提出了实施总量控制与排污权交易的政策条件.     

亚硝酸盐为电子受体反硝化除磷工艺的可行性

采用序批式反应器(SBR),以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,探讨了厌氧/缺氧条件下反硝化除磷工艺的可行性,并通过间歇实验考察了亚硝酸盐浓度、进水COD浓度和进水pH值对反硝化除磷工艺的影响.结果表明,亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的同步脱氮除磷过程是完全可以实现的,控制NO₂^--N浓度为35±5mg/L、厌氧段进水pH值为8.0±0.1,缺氧段进水pH值为7.2±0.1、COD浓度为400mg/L时,反硝化除磷效果最佳.     

气候变化对我国水文水资源系统的影响研究

旨在介绍气候变化对我国水文水资源系统影响研究的进展、方法、技术及其优缺点,并分析气候变暖对我国水文水资源系统的影响结果,同时提出自己的一些建议。     

芦苇和香蒲种间竞争对混合种植人工湿地污染河水净化特性的影响

为了系统评估混合种植人工湿地中植物组成的变化规律,以及物种竞争对湿地植物-微生物相互作用和湿地净化功能的影响特性,基于芦苇、香蒲混合种植的表面流人工湿地中试实验,开展了连续5年的研究.结果表明,在混合种植人工湿地中,芦苇从进水端开始侵蚀香蒲生态位,芦苇的生长密度和生物量在5年后分别达到了香蒲的11.5和6.1倍,但香蒲...     

A sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay amplified by biotin–streptavidin system for detecting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen

A sensitive biotin–streptavidin‐amplified enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BA‐ELISA) method was developed for detecting non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Compared with traditional ELISA method, the sensitivity of proposed immunoassay was enhanced by the biotin–streptavidin system. Under the optimal condition, the median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 0.25 ng mL^?1, with minor cross‐reactivity to a number of structural analogs. This developed assay was successfully applied to detect the ketoprofen residues in different fish samples, and good recoveries (72.6–105.5%) were obtained. The results indicated that this immunoassay method could specifically detect trace ketoprofen residues and could be widely used for routine monitoring of food samples.     

Introduction to Therm Net Technology

The Introduction to Therm Net technology is an overview of how radio frequency (RF) beating can be implemented to enhance conventional remediation technologies. Included in the article is a case study of a project conducted in March 1996 at a gasoline release site. The project consisted of a “hot spot” application to reduce BETX concentrations to achieve site closure. The application consisted of RF heating, soil vapor extraction, and groundwater ventilation. A bench scale study was also conducted to measure the effects that RF heating and vapor extraction had on the removal of PAH constitutents from a coal tar sludge. Up to 100 percent reductions were observed for some of the constituents in the study. Also included is a graphical representation of temperature versus vapor pressure for contaminants typically encountered at remediation sites, illustrating that as temperature increases, the removal rate increases.     

酚二磺酸制备条件及校准曲线制备对硝酸盐氮测定的影响

通过试验,探讨了采用未严重变质的苯酚不经纯化直接制备酚二磺酸,在无发烟硫酸而用浓硫酸代替时,及两种不同校准曲线制备方法对测定结果的影响.     

Influencing Factors of the Levels of Intensive Use of Typical Industrial Land

The article establishes an evaluation index system of the intensive land use from the perspective of enterprises. It is based on the questionnaire survey and evaluates the levels of the intensive use of the land in the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry in Changzhou, Nantong, and Yancheng of Jiangsu Province. The evaluation result shows that there is obvious difference in the levels of the intensive use of the land in this industry in the three cities. The present article makes a detailed analysis on the causes of the difference. The analysis shows difference in results of the socio-economic and urban development stage, industrial features, population density, and technological progress. Finally, it proposes some suggestions to improve the efficiency of the industrial land use.