适用于中国燃煤电厂的汞监测及排放控制技术

随着GB 13223—2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》的颁布,汞排放问题正式列入了控制目标,这必将对燃煤电厂的环保设施提出新的更高的要求。在综述国外汞监测技术的前提下,总结脱硫脱硝污染物监测的经验,针对中国的具体情况分析了新形势下我国燃煤电厂汞监测技术的发展方向和关键技术的开发重点。同时分析了在最大化地利用燃煤电厂现有环保设施和设备的情况下,如何开发在今后一段时期内最适宜在我国广泛应用的汞排放控制技术,也对国内今后的政策发展进行了预测。     

餐厨垃圾与污水污泥共消化产酸试验研究

研究了餐厨垃圾与污水污泥在不同混合比例、不同污泥停留时间条件下的共消化产酸效果。试验结果表明:当餐厨垃圾与污水污泥TS比为1∶3时,SRT=1 d的反应器酸化效率最高,且乙酸含量占优,产酸效果较佳;当TS之比为1∶1时,各反应器产酸量普遍高于1∶3时,其中SRT=5 d产酸反应器,最高酸化效率达5.94,产酸量最大,且乙酸含量占优,运行效果最佳。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of quantum-dot-sensitized one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorod photocatalyst

An efficient photocatalyst was fabricated by assembling quantum dots （QDs） onto one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods, and the photocatalytic properties for Methyl Orange degradation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results indicate that the catalyst with assembled QDs is more favorable for the degradation than the pristine ZnO nanorods. The QDs with core-shell structure lower the photocatalytic ability due to the higher carder transport barrier of the ZnS shell layer. Besides its degradation efficiency, the photocatalyst has several advantages given that the one-dimensionally-ordered ZnO nanorods have been grown directly on indium tin oxide substrates. The article provides a new method to design an effective and easily recyclable photocatalyst.     

Preparation of MgO/B2O3 coatings by plasma spraying on SUS304 surface and effects of heat-resistant

This study mainly deals with the preparation of MgO/B₂O₃ coatings by plasma spraying on the SUS304 surface and the effects of heatresistant. The power materials of low thermal conductivity were selected to control the heat divergent performance of high temperature parts. The reticular micro-structure between the cover thermal layer and the substrate was prepared by using the plasma spraying method. The powder mixture of MgO and B₂O₃ were selected as spraying materials and the SUS304 was used as the substrate material. The MgO/B₂O₃ coating was prepared on the surface of the SUS304 to provide better cover thermal performance. The properties of the microstructures and the morphologies were studied by Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Electron Probe Microanalyzer, and X-ray Diffraction. The results showed that the cover thermal performance has been improved.     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

反硝化菌株DA-1的脱氮研究

菌株DA-1被发现能在好氧和厌氧环境中将硝酸盐转化为气态氮。在以NO3-为唯一氮源的条件下研究了碳源、C/N和pH值对菌株DA-1好氧和厌氧反硝化脱氮的影响。结果表明:同等条件下,48 h内菌株DA-1的厌氧脱氮效率高于好氧脱氮率;菌株DA-1能在好氧和厌氧条件下利用乙酸、柠檬酸以及葡萄糖进行细胞增殖和反硝化。在厌氧条件下,三者作为碳源时的反硝化效率分别为(34.04±0.15)%、(22.72±0.32)%和(11.32±0.06)%,均低于好氧条件下的(25.38±0.14)%、(17.52±0.11)%和(8.06±0.01)%。2种条件下均是乙酸为碳源时反硝化效率最高。而丁二酸仅能在厌氧环境中作为电子供体参与反硝化反应。C/N越高越有利于菌株DA-1的厌氧反硝化,当C/N为10时,反硝化效率最高为(35.06±0.19)%。而在好氧条件下,菌株反硝化效率随着C/N的升高,先升高再降低,当C/N为8时,反硝化效率最高;好氧和厌氧脱氮的最适pH值为7.0。体系偏酸或者偏碱都会造成菌株DA-1脱氮效率的降低并出现亚硝酸盐累积。厌氧环境中pH=5.0时累积的亚硝酸盐浓度高达(8.95±2.05)mg/mL。     

基于LandsatTM数据的济宁市水体识别方法研究

文章基于济宁市2009年LANDSAT TM影像,根据影像各波段间的相关性和地物在各影像上的灰度差异,分别采用单波段阈值法、多波段谱间关系法、改进的水体指数法(MNDWI)及HIS空间水体提取模型法对济宁市水体信息进行识别提取。在此基础上,结合归一化指数法和HIS空间水体提取模型,提出了一种综合性的水体信息提取方法,并对各方法提取结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,已有方法对济宁市水体识别存在一定的缺陷,而综合法集成了归一化指数法和HIS空间水体模型的优点,很好地弥补了已有方法的不足,对济宁市水体信息进行了较好的提取,尤其是细小水体,同时也很好地消除了建筑物、阴影、水生植被等的影响,提高了济宁市水体信息识别的精度,为更好地定量评价济宁市地表水体时空演变规律等提供帮助。     

过氧化氢与过硫酸钠去除有机污染物的进展

原位化学氧化在去除一些难以生物降解的污染物(如三氯乙烯)方面有着简单、快捷、彻底的优点,文章综述了2种环境友好的氧化剂过氧化氢和过硫酸钠在修复地下水污染的进展。主要从2方面进行文献的追溯跟踪,总结归纳:一方面是过氧化氢和过硫酸钠催化活化产生自由基的机理;另一方面是影响这2种氧化剂去除地下水氯代烃等有机污染的主要因素。最后提出了这2种氧化剂联合氧化的机理研究及应用上存在的问题和展望,为今后的研究工作提供了切入点和参考。     

小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)中镉的亚细胞分布及化学形态

采用差速离心法和逐步提取法,分析Cd超积累植物小飞扬草根、茎、叶中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态。培养液中Cd浓度5mg/L和10mg/L条件下,在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中,细胞壁和细胞膜是Cd主要的结合场所,含量分别占总量的47.1%～49.0%、39.7%～41.4%、42.9%～56.2%,其次是胞液组分,含量分别占37.5%～41.4%、28.2%～40.7%、35.2%～46.8%,细胞器组分中Cd含量较少。Cd在小飞扬草根、茎、叶中均以氯化钠提取态为主,含量分别占70.5%～84.8%、72.4%～83.0%、50.0%～74.8%。根部各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CHCl>CW>CR,茎、叶中各提取态含量依次为CNaCl>CHCl>CHAC>CEtOH>CW>CR。在小飞扬草中,Cd与细胞壁和细胞膜中的果胶酸和蛋白质等物质结合固定,而进入细胞的Cd大部分与有机酸络合而隔离于液泡内,这可能是小飞扬草忍耐并超积累Cd的机制。     

中国PM2.5管理策略研究

文章通过对PM2.5的基本组成、来源与影响因素的分析,构建中国PM2.5全过程管理体系,建立、完善PM2.5削减和控制长效机制,进而实现中国PM2.5管理。