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551.
Jonathan Haskett Bernhard Schlamadinger Sandra Brown 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(2):127-136
Climate change is occurring with greater speed and intensity that previously anticipated. All effective environmentally and
socially sound mitigation efforts need to be employed to effectively address this global crisis. Land Use, Land Use Change
and Forestry (LULUCF) projects can provide significant climate change mitigation benefits as well as poverty alleviation and
biodiversity conservation benefits. The policies of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS), the world’s largest
carbon market exclude LULUCF. Scientific support for this exclusion was presented in a briefing paper published by the Climate
Action Network—Europe (CAN) that puts forward the proposition that land based storage of carbon is ineffective. A careful
review of the scientific papers cited in support of CAN’s position indicates that, while the papers themselves are scientifically
sound, they do not support the continued exclusion of LULUCF projects from the EU-ETS. At the same time some important recent
research papers that describe the carbon storage and social benefit potential of such projects are not included in the analysis.
An in-depth consideration of the scientific evidence is necessary in evaluating this policy option. Based on this evidence
a case can be made for the inclusion of LULUCF projects in the EU-ETS. 相似文献
552.
Institutional adaptive capacity and climate change response in the Congo Basin forests of Cameroon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H. Carolyn Peach Brown Johnson Ndi Nkem Denis J. Sonwa Youssoufa Bele 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(3):263-282
Climate change presents additional challenges to a diverse country like Cameroon that shares the Congo Basin rainforest. Not
only is the population vulnerable to the direct effects of climate change, forest-dependent communities are also vulnerable
to changing environmental policy that may affect their access to forest resources. Using a qualitative approach to data collection
through semi-structured interviews and content analysis of relevant documents, the perception of decision-makers within, and
the response of the institutions of the state, the private sector and civil society to the complex challenges of climate change
in the Congo Basin forest of Cameroon were analysed. Results indicate that while decision-makers’ awareness of climate change
is high, a concrete institutional response is at a very early stage. Cameroon has low adaptive capacity that is further constrained
by weak linkages among government institutions nationally and between different levels of government and with communities.
Civil society institutions play a role in enhancing government capacity to respond, particularly in relation to new international
policies on climate change and forests. Adaptive capacity would be further enhanced by facilitating institutional linkages
and coordinating multilevel responses across all boundaries of government, private sector and civil society. A collaborative
capacity builder could foster the transfer, receipt and integration of knowledge across the networks, and ultimately build
long-term collaborative problem-solving capacity in Cameroon. 相似文献
553.
Deep-sea mineral prospecting has raised concerns regarding potential ecotoxicological impacts of deep-sea mineral extraction. Although metal mineral phases are predicted to exhibit low bioavailability, few data explore the relative toxicity of mineral phases and dissolved constituent metals. Acute 96?h chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) (<250?µm grain size) exposures using the shallow-water ecophysiological model organism Palaemon varians as an ecotoxicological proxy for deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp revealed no effect in both lethal and sublethal assays up to 2.888?g?L?1, suggesting that chalcopyrite is not bioavailable. Deep-sea species, therefore, appear at greater ecotoxicological risk from dissolved metals during seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) mining. Consequently, an approach combining modelling the release, and spatial and temporal dilution of dissolved metals during SMS mining, with data on sublethal effects of dissolved metals on shallow-water proxies, may best constrain the potential ecotoxicological impacts of SMS mining, and deliver ecotoxicological threshold concentrations for active SMS extraction. 相似文献
554.
Ghosh Anusmriti Suara K. McCue Scott W. Brown Richard J. 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(3):667-691
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - In coastal water systems, horizontal chaotic dispersion plays a significant role in the distribution and fate of pollutants. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs)... 相似文献
555.
The Building Research Establishment (BRE) has been using diffusive samplers for the study of VOCs in indoor and outdoor air since 1989. The Perkin Elmer type sampler packed with Tenax TA adsorbent is used for the diffusive sampling of C6-C16 organic compounds. This method was applied in a major study of relationships between the environment and child health carried out during 1990-1993 in the Avon area of the UK. The present paper reports results of an investigation into the repeatability of the sampler in outdoor air and measurements of 6 aromatic hydrocarbons inside and outside a home over a 5 year period and inside and outside an office building over a 12 month period. Both the home and the office were located in Hertfordshire, England. Concentrations of VOCs recorded are similar to those found in the Avon area. Higher concentrations of each of the six compounds were recorded inside the home than outside, whilst greater amounts of benzene and toluene were found inside the office than outside. Seasonal variations in concentrations are observed and measurements recorded outdoors are similar to those recorded by other workers. 相似文献
556.
Kate Pride Brown 《环境政策》2016,25(6):971-990
The effort to transition energy sources away from dependence on fossil fuels has become highly divided along partisan lines in some countries, but the social-science literature has not yet caught up with this important problem. Policy-adoption studies do not address the specific problem of polarization and gridlock, and the literature on gridlock does not examine conditions for breaking gridlock for renewable energy and energy efficiency (REEE) policy. Qualitative research can help to fill the void by identifying strategies that legislators use for achieving support for REEE policy where there is gridlock, polarization, and/or strong opposition. Interview data from a stratified sample of US states reveals three strategies that state-government legislators use to enhance REEE policy development under these conditions: bring to the process countervailing industrial interests to align REEE with business; transfer decision making to public service commissions; and use extra-legislative consultation processes to develop stakeholder consensus. 相似文献
557.
Helen L. Brown Christopher J. Walsh Tim D. Fletcher Sharyn RossRakesh 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(1):79-97
Urban stormwater run-off is a threat to stream ecosystems. New approaches to stormwater management aim to protect urban streams from such impacts, by retaining, treating and using stormwater at its source. As up to ~50% of runoff from urban surfaces comes from private property, fostering stormwater retention requires effective householder engagement. We evaluated householder participation in the Little Stringybark Creek project, a stormwater retrofit programme aimed at waterway protection, using qualitative enquiry through formal and informal interviews to identify factors that influenced participation. Participation was governed by multiple factors, with financial incentives and personal co-benefits of tanks primary motivators, while process complexity and distrust were primary barriers. Results suggest an approach combining education to encourage review of subjective norms and attitudes, with incentives to mitigate behavioural controls can transform public behaviour towards sustainable stormwater management. 相似文献
558.
Jessica A. Salo David M. Theobald Thomas C. Brown 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):632-647
Riparian zones in semi‐arid, mountainous regions provide a disproportionate amount of the available wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is little guidance on the best way to map riparian zones for broad spatial extents (e.g., large watersheds) when detailed maps from field data or high‐resolution imagery and terrain data are not available. Using well‐established accuracy metrics (e.g., kappa, precision, computational complexity), we evaluated eight methods commonly used to map riparian zones. Focusing on a semi‐arid, mountainous watershed, we found that the most accurate and robust method for mapping riparian zones combines data on upstream drainage area and valley topography. That method performed best regardless of stream order, and was most effective when implemented with fine resolution topographic and stream line data. Other commonly used methods to model riparian zones, such as those based on fixed‐width buffers, yielded inaccurate results. We recommend that until very‐high resolution (<1 m) elevation data are available at broad extents, models of riparian zones for semi‐arid mountainous regions should incorporate drainage area, valley topography, and quantify uncertainty. 相似文献
559.
Mark Groulx Christopher J. Lemieux John L. Lewis Sarah Brown 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(6):1016-1035
Parks and protected areas are a global ecological, social and health resource visited by over 8 billion people annually. Their use can yield substantial benefits, but only if a balance between ecological integrity and sustainable visitation is struck. This research explores the potential influence of climate-driven environmental change on visitation to North America's most popular glacier, the Athabasca Glacier in Jasper National Park, Canada. Photorealistic environmental visualizations were used to gauge visitors’ perceptions of environmental change and potential impacts on consumer behaviour. Results suggest that impacts could substantially diminish the site's pull as a tourism destination. Rather than improving visitation prospects, expert-proposed adaptations underestimated the importance of perceived naturalness and contributed to further potential decline. Findings are relevant to protected areas planning and management. They suggest that a natural path to climate change adaptation is the best way to support both ecological integrity and the long-term tourism pull of protected areas. 相似文献
560.
Environmental Flows (EFlows) are defined as the quantity, timing and quality of the flow of water, sediment and biota necessary to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems, and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. As such they are a vital component of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). A recent survey found that, in general, Africa lags behind schedule with respect to the global SDG Target 6.5 to implement IWRM at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate. This web-based review explores progress made in EFlows Assessments and implementing their outcomes in southern Africa. It outlines the apparent impetus to the uptake of EFlows provided by legislation, common funding mechanisms for EFlows assessment and evolving trends in EFlows assessment. It also highlights instances of implementation of EFlows in both in-country and transboundary settings. 相似文献