企事业单位的震害预测

本文给出了企事业单位的震害预测方法。其特点是:与当地地震危险性分析和场地地震动参数相结合;把结构的整体动力计算与薄弱部位抗震构件验算和普查结果相结合;把建筑物的震害预测与震害调查和试验研究结果相结合。     

搞好噪声治理改善环境质量

石化企业是噪声大户，由压缩机、鼓风机、机泵等声源设备及其它背景噪声构成了各种各样的噪声源，不但单源声级峰值高，而且面源辐射面积广，治理难度非常大，辽化公司采取自难而易的原则，对纤维生产中重点噪声源进行了治理，收到了明显的成效。     

对硝基苯胺－H酸分光光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐

为提高光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐的分析灵敏度，利用亚硝酸离子在盐酸介质中与对硝基苯胺发生重氮化反应，然后在碱性介质中与Ｈ酸偶联，生成紫红色偶氮化合物。对实验条件进行了试验，提出了污染水中亚硝酸盐的测定方法，其最大吸收波长λｍａｘ＝５７４ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε５７４＝４．８×１０４。此方法简便、快速、选择性好，灵敏度高，测定结果可靠。     

某催化裂化装置生产过程中职业病危害因素调查

通过对催化裂化装置生产过程中职业病危害因素调查,找出职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出防护要求。     

二氧化氯-氯联合用于饮用水消毒的研究进展

使用单一的氯或者二氧化氯消毒剂都有一定的局限性,二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺是近年来消毒工艺研究的新方向,本文主要对二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺的特点和控制因素进行阐述。实验结果表明,二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺不仅能够有效地去除水样中的大肠杆菌以及其他细菌,而且联合消毒工艺能够减少消毒副产物的生成,并且有比较强的持续消毒能力。联合消毒工艺受投加比例的影响比较大,因为二氧化氯的浓度过高,衰减也相应增加,并且所产生的ClO2^-量也随之增加;而当液氯的浓度过高时,对应所产生的消毒副产物也随之增加。投加比例一般在ClO2：Cl2=1：3到1：6之间。     

农村污水处理技术现状及发展前景

随着城市化的发展和人民生活水平的提高,农村生活污水污染指标由单一化日趋复杂,是农村水体环境恶化的重要污染源,农村生活污水迫切需要治理,本文在对实施农村生活污水处理技术概述的基础上,就近年来国内外处理农村生污水的现状及研究进展进行了分析,探讨了农村生活污水处理技术的发展方向。     

基于物元可拓法和偏好熵权的饮用水源水质评价——以天津市大港区为例

文章根据天津市饮用水受氟化物影响较大的现实情况,以物元可拓法为基本方法,利用偏好熵设置权重,一方面在无偏好情况下客观地确定各指标的权重进行水质评价,另一方面重点考虑了氟化物对水质的影响再进行评价,分析水质评价结果对氟化物的敏感程度。结果表明,在无偏好情况下,文章涉及的两个饮用水源地的水质较好,多为Ⅰ类水和Ⅱ类水;而在对氟化物偏好设置的情况下,2005～2006年初的水质评价结果偏差,说明此阶段水质评价结果对氟化物比较敏感,而后至2007年末则并未表现出此特征。     

Removal of bromate ion using powdered activated carbon

Bromate ion (BrO 3) removal from drinking water by powdered activated carbons (PAC S) in bath mode was evaluated under various operational conditions.Six kinds of PACs,including wood-based carbon,fruit-based carbon,coal-based carbon,and these three carbons thermally deoxidized in a nitrogen atmosphere,were selected to investigate their capacity on BrO 3 removal.With the highest zeta potential value and being richly mesoporous,coal-based carbon had a high and an excellent BrO 3 adsorption efficiency.The removal content of BrO 3 by per gram of coal-based carbon was 0.45 mg within 5 hr in 100 μg/L bromate solution.The surface characteristics of PACs and bromide formation revealed that both physical and chemical PACs properties simultaneously affected the adsorptionreduction process.Under acidic conditions,PAC S possessed high zeta value and adequate basic groups and exhibited neutral or positive charges,promoting BrO 3 adsorption-reduction on the carbon surface.Interestingly,the PAC S thermally deoxidized in N 2 atmosphere optimized their properties,e.g.increasing their zeta values and decreasing the oxygen content which accelerated the BrO 3 removal rate.The maximum adsorption capacity of fruit-based carbon was the highest among all tested carbons (99.6 mg/g),possibly due to its highest pore volume.Remarkably,the thermal regeneration of PACs in N 2 atmosphere could completely recover the adsorption capacity of PACs.The kinetic data obtained from carbons was analyzed using pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion models,with results showing that the intraparticle diffusion was the more applicable model to describe adsorption of BrO 3 onto PACs.     

Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd exhibited by different vegetables

It is an important approach to use the Cd-contaminated soils properly by growing low accumulator or excluder plants for Cd to produce safe foods. To find the suitable vegetable species for growing in Cd-contaminated soils, in the present study the variations in the Cd accumulation for twenty eight vegetable species and several cultivars of five common vegetables (cowpea, kidney pea, bitter gourd, cucumber and squash) were investigated in two soil Cd levels (1 and 2 mg/kg Cd). Experimental results showed that highly significant differences in Cd concentration were evident among 28 vegetables. For example, spinach Cd concentrations were 110-fold and 175-fold higher than that of sweet pea under the 1 and 2 mg/kg Cd exposures, respectively. For Cd accumulation, the order of vegetable species was: leafy vegetables solanaceous vegetables kale vegetables root vegetables allimus melon vegetables legumes. Distinctive differences were also identified when comparing different cultivars of the five common vegetables with an average range of 0.003–0.094 mg/kg Cd. Our results indicated that a large genotypic variation existed among vegetable species or cultivars when subjected to Cd exposure. Therefore, it is important and feasible to elect/breed vegetable species/cultivars with low accumulation of Cd, especially in mildly Cd-contaminated soils.     

电力行业节能减排途径探讨

为实现电力行业十一五节能20%,二氧化硫削减22%的行业目标,电力行业面临严峻的节能减排形势。根据清洁生产源头控制以及废弃物资源化利用的原理,介绍了七种具有明显经济效益和环境效益的节能减排技术,为电力行业清洁生产审核中节能减排方案的提出提供借鉴作用。