Cultivation modes and deficit irrigation strategies to improve 13C carbon isotope,photosynthesis, and winter wheat productivity in semi-arid regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Determining the effect of ridge-furrow cultivation mode on 13C carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthetic capacity, and leaf gas exchange...     

Snort acoustic structure codes for positive emotions in horses

While the vocal coding of human and animal internal states has been widely studied, the possible acoustic expression of “positive” emotions remains poorly known. Recent studies suggest that snorts (non-vocal sounds produced by the air expiration through the nostrils) appear to be reliable indicators of positive internal states in several ungulate species. Here, we hypothesised in horses that the acoustic structure of the snort could vary with the subjects’ current emotional state. Indeed, a preliminary sound analysis of snorts let us suggest structure variations related to the presence of pulsations. We recorded snorts from 20 horses living in a riding center. Auditory playbacks run with 20 humans first confirmed the existence of two snort subtypes, i.e. one pulsed and one non-pulsed. Observations were then conducted to compare the distribution of these two subtypes according to the location (stall/pasture) of the signaller as a contextual determinant of its internal state and to its ears’ position as a reflection of its emotional state. We found that both subtypes were preferentially observed in positive contexts, but that pulsed snorts were even more associated with highly appreciated situations (in pasture and with ears forward). This study is a step further in the identification of indicators of positive emotions in horses and more generally in the understanding of the acoustic emotions’ coding.     

城市抗震防灾规划的研究和编制

1引言 在各国政府和研究人员对于减轻各种自然灾害进行的大量研究和实际工作的基础上,目前已有一些分灾种的防灾减灾规划的编制思路和模式可供参考.总的来讲,日美都比较重视应急预案和应急疏散的研究和实施,重视单体工程的抗灾,日本把防灾减灾的措施和城市总体规划合并在一起实施,起到了比较好的效果,美国的研究比较重视城市工程设施的易损性分析,美国FEMA目前正在推广一项计划,即将地震区的主要城市,建立工程设施数据库,并采用专门软件进行实时易损性分析,这些思路都是我国进行抗震防灾规划编制和研究值得借鉴的.     

The Relationship Between Psychosocial Work Factors,Work Stress and Computer-Related Musculoskeletal Discomforts Among Computer Users in Malaysia

We analyzed occupational exposure to potentially infectious body fluids among health care workers (HCWs). Nurses were the most common exposed category of HCWs. In 73.6% cases needle sticks had been the reason of exposure. Recapping a needle was the cause of exposure in 6.9% accidents. Among 189 registered HCWs, 66 (34.9%) performed invasive procedures without any personal protective equipment. Prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs was necessary in 43 (22.8%) cases.

As many as 60.3% of exposure incidents to potentially infectious material result from non-compliance with the relevant recommendations. Continuous education and training is critically needed to prevent occupational exposure to blood-borne infections among health care workers.     

PM2.5与呼吸防护

本文针对社会公众普遍关心的PM2.5及其呼吸防护等问题,从PM2.5的尺寸、组成和危害及自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器的技术要求重点探讨了PM2.5可不可以防、如何来防,以期解除公众对PM2.5的神秘感,同时也提出了公众在面临PM2.5和大气污染时的应对策略。     

比较研究：完善失业保险促进就业功能

失业保险制度产生于20世纪初.在发展初期,以强调基本生活保障为主.20世纪70年代,西方国家充分就业的阶段宣告结束.到了80年代,由于石油危机的影响,通货膨胀严重,国际竞争更趋激烈,很多国家的失业率大幅攀升,形成了自20世纪30年代以来最严重的失业局面.为减轻失业压力,很多国家大幅度改革了失业保险制度和公共就业服务制度.     

零价铁催化过二硫酸盐降解苯胺

采用Fe⁰催化过二硫酸钠（PS）降解水中苯胺（AN）。在Fe⁰-PS体系中,Fe⁰在酸性条件下被氧化生成Fe²⁺,Fe²⁺可以催化PS产生强氧化性的SO₄^#x02022;-,发生类Fenton试剂氧化反应,从而降解AN。实验结果表明,在PS加入量为6.0mmol/L、Fe⁰加入量为35.7mmol/L、反应时间为120min的条件下,AN降解率可达81.4%,TOC去除率达52.6%,一级反应速率常数为0.03819min^-1。     

Morphological characteristics of waste polyethylene/polypropylene plastics during pyrolysis and representative morphological signal characterizing pyrolysis stages

In this work, the morphological characteristics of waste polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) plastics during their pyrolysis process were investigated, and based on their basic image changing patterns representative morphological signals describing the pyrolysis stages were obtained. PE and PP granules and films were used as typical plastics for testing, and influence of impurities was also investigated. During pyrolysis experiments, photographs of the testing samples were taken sequentially with a high-speed infrared camera, and the quantitative parameters that describe the morphological characteristics of these photographs were explored using the “Image Pro Plus (v6.3)” digital image processing software. The experimental results showed that plastics pyrolysis involved four stages: melting, two stages of decomposition which are characterized with bubble formation caused by volatile evaporating, and ash deposition; and each stage was characterized with its own phase changing behaviors and morphological features. Two stages of decomposition are the key step of pyrolysis since they took up half or more of the reaction time; melting step consumed another half of reaction time in experiments when raw materials were heated up from ambient temperatures; and coke-like deposition appeared as a result of decomposition completion. Two morphological signals defined from digital image processing, namely, pixel area of the interested reaction region and bubble ratio (BR) caused by volatile evaporating were found to change regularly with pyrolysis stages. In particular, for all experimental scenarios with plastics films and granules, the BR curves always exhibited a slowly drop as melting started and then a sharp increase followed by a deep decrease corresponding to the first stage of intense decomposition, afterwards a second increase – drop section corresponding to the second stage of decomposition appeared. As ash deposition happened, the BR dropped to zero or very low values. When impurities were involved, the shape of BR curves showed that intense decomposition started earlier but morphological characteristics remained the same. In addition, compared to parameters such as pressure, the BR reflects reaction stages better and its change with pyrolysis process of PE/PP plastics with or without impurities was more intrinsically process correlated; therefore it can be adopted as a signal for pyrolysis process characterization, as well as offering guide to process improvement and reactor design.     

气泡帷幕减弱水中冲击波强度的研究

通过对水中冲击波与气泡相互作用过程的诸现象进行分析,从能量变化角度探讨了气泡帷幕衰减水中冲击波的最佳方式。通过对水中冲击波引起挡水坞门振动的安全监测及频谱分析,讨论了挡水坞门不同方向上振动参量的变化规律。     

煤矿事故中“安全流变-突变论”的研究

“安全流变－ 突变论”是安全科学理论的一个新内容。通过用此理论,对煤矿几类典型的事故分析和综合,进一步认识事故发生、发展以及结束的机理,获得与事故密切联系的几个关键状态点,由这些状态点可以预测、预报事故。