Analysis of emergency situations at municipal solid waste landfills

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work focuses on the issue of emergency prevention in the operation of municipal solid waste landfills. In this work, an emergency is...     

Geochemical distribution of selected elements in flotation tailings and soils/sediments from the dam spill at the abandoned antimony mine Stolice,Serbia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Materials held within mine tailings pose a serious risk to the environment in cases of tailings dam failure. Collapse of the tailing dam at the...     

气候变化背景下青藏高原青稞自然灾害暴露研究进展

青稞是青藏高原特有的农作物,是世居民族依赖的主要食物,全球变化背景下自然灾害的加剧,使青稞的灾害暴露加大,威胁到高原世居民族的粮食安全。在梳理高原青稞种植范围、品种变化、产量需求等研究基础上,界定青稞面向自然灾害风险的暴露内涵及时空表达,并对基于现代技术条件下青稞暴露的定量分析方法和未来可能技术进行了总结和展望,以期从青稞暴露研究的角度为农作物自然灾害风险评价提供参考。     

乡镇居民对突发公共卫生事件及常见传染病的认知与健康需求

为了解乡镇居民对突发公共卫生事件及常见传染病的关注度和认知水平,并分析其健康教育的需求和培训方式。随机抽取陕西省某市某镇5个行政村650名居民进行问卷调查,了解居民对突发公共卫生事件及常见传染病的认知与需求,并对结果进行统计学分析。研究结果表明,乡镇居民对突发公共卫生事件及常见传染病的关注度普遍较高（平均得分9.01±0.25分）,而认知水平较低（平均得分5.03±0.33）,其关注度和认知水平均与学历、职业和月收入有关。低学历组、低收入组和在家务农以及偶而外出打工的居民,关注度较高但认知水平较低,高学历组、高收入组和常年在外打工和有固定工作单位的居民,关注度和认知水平均较高。绝大多数乡镇居民十分愿意深入了解突发公共卫生事件及常见传染病的相关知识,其培训方式需求依次为手机短信和微信推送、设置宣传栏和发放宣传单、专家当面讲授、专家义诊咨询。建议对低学历、低收入和常年在家务农以及偶尔外出打工的人群进行相关知识的宣教。     

基于特征显著性的地震灾害发生后建筑物裂缝智能检测模型

由于地震灾害发生后建筑物表面具有多纹理性、多目标性特征,导致现有的建筑物裂缝智能检测方法已经不能满足检测需要。为了提高检测效果,该文设计提出基于特征显著性的地震灾害后建筑物裂缝智能检测方法。建立压缩感知去噪框架,通过图像重构消除震后建筑裂缝图像噪点。采用FCM聚类分割法对去噪图像进行分割,引入灰度直方图作为灰度级的模糊聚类样本点,利用灰度样本完成图像聚类。基于人眼视觉特征,对图像背景区域重新划分,完成图像边缘检测。基于提取的二值化图像确定裂纹特征,根据特征值范围确定裂缝种类实现震后建筑裂缝检测。     

矿山地质环境开发式治理模式研究

该文梳理了矿山地质环境开发式治理提出的政策背景,总结了开发式治理的概念内涵、治理模式与研究思路,并提出了开发式治理的可行性评价方法。结果表明:矿山地质环境开发式治理是在政府引领、政策支持下,吸纳多元资金,进行经济发展和生态环境治理并重的治理方式;开发式治理可以总结为残留资源再利用模式、废弃土地再利用模式、固体废弃物再利用模式、水资源循环再利用模式等4种模式;开发式治理可行性评价指标主要包括宜性因素（自然地理条件、矿业开发条件）和限制性因素（经济效益、环境效益和社会效益）,通过综合指数法评价认为,韩城西山石灰岩开采区最优开发式治理方案为“残留资源再利用模式”。通过矿山地质环境开发式治理模式的研究,以期为矿区环境保护和生态修复提供支持。     

An Analysis of Secondary Pollutants in Buenos Aires City

Air pollutant concentrations from a monitoring campaign in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O₃), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as a function of NO _x (=NO + NO₂). This campaign undertaken by the electricity sector was aimed at elucidating the apportionment of thermal power plants to air quality deterioration. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) were also registered. Photo stationary state (PSS) of the NO, NO₂, O₃ and peroxy radicals species has been analysed. The ‘oxidant’ level concept has been introduced, OX (=O₃ + NO₂), which varies with the level of NO _x . It is shown that this level is made up of NO _x -independent and NO _x -dependent contributions. The former is a regional contribution that equates the background O₃ level, whereas the latter is a local contribution that correlates with the level of primary pollution. Furthermore, the anticorrelation between NO₂ and O₃ levels, which is a characteristic of the atmospheric photo stationary cycle has been verified.The analysis of the concentration of the primary pollutants CO and NO strongly suggests that the vehicle traffic is the principal source of them. Levels of continuous measurements of SO₂ for Buenos Aires City are reported in this work as a complement of previously published results.     

Fish mercury increase in Lago Manso, a new hydroelectric reservoir in tropical Brazil

It has been frequently demonstrated that mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish rise in newly constructed hydroelectric reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere. In the present work, we studied whether similar effects take place also in a tropical upland reservoir during impoundment and discuss possible causes and implications. Total Hg concentrations in fish and several soil and water parameters were determined before and after flooding at Rio Manso hydroelectric power plant in western Brazil. The Hg concentrations in soil and sediment were within the background levels in the region (22-35 ng g(-1) dry weight). There was a strong positive correlation between Hg and carbon and sulphur in sediment. Predatory fish had total Hg concentrations ranging between 70 and 210 ng g(-1) f.w. 7 years before flooding and between 72 and 755 ng g(-1) f.w. during flooding, but increased to between 216 and 938 ng g(-1) f.w. in the piscivorous and carnivorous species Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, cachara, and Salminus brasiliensis, dourado, 3 years after flooding. At the same time, concentrations of organic carbon in the water increased and oxygen concentrations decreased, indicating increased decomposition and anoxia as contributing to the increased Hg concentrations in fish. The present fish Hg concentrations in commonly consumed piscivorous species are a threat to the health of the population dependent on fishing in the dam and downstream river for sustenance. Mercury exposure can be reduced by following fish consumption recommendations until fish Hg concentrations decrease to a safe level.