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排序方式: 共有174条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
41.
Gupta DK Rai UN Tripathi RD Sinha S Rai P Inouhe M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(3):539-546
Phytochelatins and related metabolites (cysteine and GSH) were found to be induced in the shoots of two varieties of Cicer arietinum viz., CSG-8962 and C-235 grown under different amendments of fly-ash with garden soil and press mud. Cysteine, GSH, PCs and its speciation were found in higher concentrations in amended fly-ash than in the control 100% soil. Two species of metal binding peptides i.e., PC2 and PC4 were found in both varieties and in amendments, however, their concentration varied depending upon the fly-ash concentrations in both amendments. Further, var. CSG-8962 was found more tolerant than var. C-235 because of higher concentrations of PCs and related metabolites. 相似文献
42.
Singh A Agrawal SB Rai JP Singh P 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2002,23(3):283-288
Assessment of agropotentiality of the effluent coming out from century pulp and paper mill, Ghanshyamdham, Lalkua (Uttaranchal) has been made on wheat (Triticum aestivum var. UP-2329) crop grown in two soils differing in texture with different effluent concentrations. Diluted effluent increased the chlorophyll content, plant height, shoot and root biomass, grain yield, protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents in wheat grains, while undiluted effluent caused inhibition in plant growth resulting in a sharp decline of yield. Pure soil provided better growth and yield results than those soil mixed with sand. 相似文献
43.
Kunwar P. Singh Shikha Gupta Premanjali Rai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6001-6015
Groundwater hydrochemistry of an urban industrial region in Indo-Gangetic plains of north India was investigated. Groundwater samples were collected both from the industrial and non-industrial areas of Kanpur. The hydrochemical data were analyzed using various water quality indices and nonparametric statistical methods. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the factors responsible for groundwater contamination. Ensemble learning-based decision treeboost (DTB) models were constructed to develop discriminating and regression functions to differentiate the groundwater hydrochemistry of the three different areas, to identify the responsible factors, and to predict the groundwater quality using selected measured variables. The results indicated non-normal distribution and wide variability of water quality variables in all the study areas, suggesting for nonhomogenous distribution of sources in the region. PCA results showed contaminants of industrial origin dominating in the region. DBT classification model identified pH, redox potential, total-Cr, and λ 254 as the discriminating variables in water quality of the three areas with the average accuracy of 99.51 % in complete data. The regression model predicted the groundwater chemical oxygen demand values exhibiting high correlation with measured values (0.962 in training; 0.918 in test) and the respective low root mean-squared error of 2.24 and 2.01 in training and test arrays. The statistical and chemometric approaches used here suggest that groundwater hydrochemistry differs in the three areas and is dominated by different variables. The proposed methods can be used as effective tools in groundwater management. 相似文献
44.
Rai Mahendra Ingle Avinash P. Gupta Indarchand Pandit Raksha Paralikar Priti Gade Aniket Chaud Marco V. dos Santos Carolina Alves 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):277-290
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Food spoilage is a major global concern due to the lack of proper packaging technology. Nanotechnology is expected to improve food packaging. Indeed, novel... 相似文献
45.
Koskinen WC Ochsner TE Stephens BM Kookana RS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(7):1071-1083
When analyzing the sorption characteristics of weakly sorbing or labile pesticides, batch methods tend to yield a high margin of error attributable to errors in concentration measurement and to degradation, respectively. This study employs a recently developed unsaturated transient flow method to determine the sorption of isoxaflutole's herbicidally active diketonitrile degradate (DKN) and dicamba. A 20-cm acrylic column was packed with soils with varied texture that had been uniformly treated with 14C-labeled chemical.The antecedent solution herbicide in equilibrium with sorbed phase herbicide was displaced by herbicide-free water, which was infiltrated into the column. Sorption coefficients, Kd, were obtained from a plot of total herbicide concentration in the soil versus water content in the region where the antecedent solution accumulated. DKN Kd values were approximately 2-3 times (average Kd = 0.71 L kg-1) greater using the unsaturated transient flow method as compared to the batch equilibration method in clay loam (Kd = 0.33 L kg-1), but similar for the two methods in sand (0.12 vs 0.09 L kg-1) soils. Dicamba Kd values were 3 times greater using the unsaturated transient flow method as compared to the batch equilibration method in the clay loam soil (0.38 vs 0.13 L kg-1), however, the Kd values were the same for the two methods in the sand (approximately 0.06 L kg-1). This demonstrates that to determine sorption coefficients for labile hydrophilic pesticides, an unsaturated transient flow method may be a suitable alternative to the batch method. In fact, it may be better in cases where transport models have overpredicted herbicide leaching when batch sorption coefficients have been used. 相似文献
46.
47.
Daniel W. Pollock Rai S. Kookana Raymond L. Correll 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(1-2):67-88
The pesticide impact rating index (PIRI) has been integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to enable regional
assessment of pesticide impact on groundwater and surface water resources. The GIS version of PIRI (PIRI-GIS) was used to
assess the impact of pre-planting atrazine use in the pine plantations on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia. The impact
on groundwater was found to be spatially variable, mainly dependent on soil type and depth to groundwater, because land use
variables were spatially constant. Areas with the greatest impact on groundwater were those where the soil had a low sorption
capacity for atrazine. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the sorption coefficient based on organic carbon (K
oc) for atrazine was found to significantly improve the results from PIRI-GIS. Average values for K
oc (i.e. based on overseas data) were too low for most of the local soil types, resulting in a general overestimation of pesticide
impact on groundwater resources, but an underestimation of impact in areas that should be of greatest concern (i.e. where
the soil has a low sorption capacity for atrazine). 相似文献
48.
Measuring sorption of hydrophilic organic compounds in soils by an unsaturated transient flow method
Determination of sorption of hydrophilic, weakly sorbing organic compounds in soil by conventional batch methods using a slurried suspension is often prone to considerable errors because small changes in the solution concentration on equilibration must be accurately determined. This difficulty is exacerbated for compounds susceptible to degradation, which also decreases the solution concentration. The objective of this study was to determine sorption of hydrophilic pesticides by applying an unsaturated transient flow method, which enables determination of sorption at sufficiently small solution to soil ratios. The method makes use of piston-like displacement of the antecedent solution in equilibrium with sorbed phase when pesticide-free water is infiltrated into a soil column spiked with a pesticide. Pesticide sorption and the solution concentration are inferred from a plot of total pesticide content per unit mass of soil vs. water content in a region where the antecedent solution is accumulated. Thus, extraction of solution from relative dry soil is unnecessary. We tested this method for two hydrophilic pesticides, monocrotophos [dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methyl-carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate] and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate). The sorption coefficient, K(d), obtained for monocrotophos was slightly lower than that by batch method (K(d) = 0.10 vs. 0.19 L kg(-1)), whereas for dichlorvos, a compound highly susceptible to degradation, the unsaturated flow method yielded a much smaller K(d) (0.19 vs. 3.22 L kg(-1)). The K(d) values for both compounds were consistent with the observed retardation in the pesticide displacement in the columns. The proposed method is more representative of field conditions and particularly suitable for weakly sorbing organic compounds in soils. 相似文献
49.
Krishna Giri J. P. N. Rai Shailesh Pandey Gaurav Mishra Rajesh Kumar Deep Chandra Suyal 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(9):817-825
Isoproturon (IPU)-degrading soil bacteria were isolated from herbicide-applied wheat fields. These isolates were identified using cultural, morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. 16S rRNA sequences of both the bacterial isolates were compared with NCBI GenBank data base and identified as Bacillus pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. A soil microcosm study was carried out for 40 days in six different treatments. Experimental results revealed maximum 95.98% IPU degradation in treatment 6 where bacterial consortia were augmented in natural soil, followed by 91.53% in treatment 5 enriched with organic manure as an additional carbon source. However, only 14.03% IPU was degraded in treatment 1 (control) after 40 days. In treatments (2–4), 75.59%, 70.92% and 77.32% IPU degradation was recorded, respectively. IPU degradation in all the treatments varied significantly over the control. 4-Isopropylaniline was detected as IPU degradation by-product in the medium. The study confirmed that B. pumilus and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. performed effectively in soil microcosms and could be employed profitably for field-scale bioremediation experiments. 相似文献
50.
There is a demand for environmentally friendly processes to synthesize nanoparticles. Here, we synthesized silver nanoparticles using encapsulated biomass beads of Phoma exigua var. exigua. Nanoparticles were characterized by nanoparticle tracking and analysis (NTA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential. Results of NTA show that nanoparticle size was homogenous. Concerning nanoparticle stability, zeta potential decreased with batch number. Silver nanoparticles exhibited an antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the encapsulation of fungal biomass by calcium alginate for the batch synthesis of silver nanoparticles was easy, cost-effective, eco-friendly and suitable for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanoparticles. We have also demonstrated the reusability of the fungal biomass during biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the sodium alginate encapsulation method. 相似文献