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131.
Heavy metal distribution and controlling factors within coastal plain sediments, Bells Creek catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Bells Creek catchment in southeast Queensland (Australia) is a non-industrialised coastal plain limited to small settlements and agricultural land. A study was initiated to examine elevated metal concentrations and to assess horizontal and vertical distribution of those elements. Ninety-nine samples were analysed for Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Fe, Mn and Al. Total organic carbon, sulfur content and mineralogy of samples along with land-use practices across the catchment were used to identify processes which influence metal distribution. A comparison between metal concentration within the study area and mean heavy metal content of standard sandstone showed that except for Mn, all other metals showed elevated levels throughout the catchment. When metal concentrations were compared to parent bedrock, however, it was concluded that elevated levels are likely to be natural. A normalisation procedure was applied to the data set and this analysis validated that elevated trace metal concentrations in most samples are not due to artificial contamination. While surficial estuarine sediments were only enriched in V, soils were dominantly enriched in Cr, Zn and V. Overall, geochemistry and mineralogy of the samples show the effect of both natural and anthropogenic inputs to the catchment, however, natural processes are more dominant than anthropogenic inputs in concentrating metals. 相似文献
132.
Sourcing sediment using multiple tracers in the catchment of Lake Argyle,Northwestern Australia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Control of sedimentation in large reservoirs requires soil conservation at the catchment scale. In large, heterogeneous catchments,
soil conservation planning needs to be based on sound information, and set within the framework of a sediment budget to ensure
that all of the potentially significant sources and sinks are considered.
The major sources of sediment reaching the reservoir, Lake Argyle, in tropical northwestern Australia, have been determined
by combining measured sediment fluxes in rivers with spatial tracer-based estimates of proportional contributions from tributaries
of the main stream entering the lake, the Ord River. The spatial tracers used are mineral particle magnetics, the strontium
isotopic ratio, and the neodymium isotopic ratio. Fallout of 137Cs has been used to estimate the proportion of the sediment in Lake Argyle eroded from surface soils by sheet and rill erosion,
and, by difference, the proportion eroded from subsurface soils by gully and channel erosion. About 96% of the sediment in
the reservoir has come from less than 10% of the catchment, in the area of highly erodible soils formed on Cambrian-age sedimentary
rocks. About 80% of the sediment in the reservoir has come from gully and channel erosion. A major catchment revegetation
program, designed to slow sedimentation in the reservoir, appears to have had little effect because it did not target gullies,
the major source of sediment. Had knowledge of the sediment budget been available before the revegetation program was designed,
an entirely different approach would have been taken. 相似文献
133.
Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems.
Under these conditions adaptive management, or “learning by doing,” offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative
approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension
approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In
this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based
approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared
understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention
is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations.
Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive
management processes is examined. 相似文献
134.
The link between teamwork and job satisfaction was investigated in a sample of 48 manufacturing companies comprising 4708 employees. Two separate research questions were addressed. First, it was proposed that supervisor support would be a weaker source of job satisfaction in companies with higher levels of teamworking. Multilevel analysis indicated that the extent of teamwork at the company level of analysis moderated the relationship between individual perceptions of supervisor support and job satisfaction. Second, it was proposed that the extent of teamwork would be positively related to perceptions of job autonomy but negatively related to perceptions of supervisor support. Further, it was proposed that the link between teamwork and job autonomy would be explained by job enrichment practices associated with teamwork. Analyses of aggregated company data supported these propositions and provided evidence for a complex mediational path between teamwork and job satisfaction. Implications for implementing teamwork in organizations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
135.
Mining with communities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marcello M. Veiga Malcolm Scoble and Mary Louise McAllister 《Natural resources forum》2001,25(3):191-202
To be considered as sustainable, a mining community needs to adhere to the principles of ecological sustainability, economic vitality and social equity. These principles apply over a long time span, covering both the life of the mine and post-mining closure. The legacy left by a mine to the community after its closure is emerging as a significant aspect of its planning. Progress towards sustainability is made when value is added to a community with respect to these principles by the mining operation during its life cycle. This article presents a series of cases to demonstrate the diverse potential challenges to achieving a sustainable mining community. These case studies of both new and old mining communities are drawn mainly from Canada and from locations abroad where Canadian companies are now building mines. The article concludes by considering various approaches that can foster sustainable mining communities and the role of community consultation and capacity building. 相似文献
136.
Zisheng Xing Charles P.-A. Bourque Fan-Rui Meng Roger M. Cox D. Edwin Swift Tianshan Zha Lien Chow 《Ecological modelling》2008
In this paper we present a simple hybrid gap-filling model (GFM) designed with a minimum number of parameters necessary to capture the ecological processes important for filling medium-to-large gaps in Flux data. As the model is process-based, the model has potential to be used in filling large gaps exhibiting a broad range of micro-meteorological and site conditions. The GFM performance was evaluated using “Punch hole” and extrapolation experiments based on data collected in west-central New Brunswick. These experiments indicated that the GFM is able to provide acceptable results (r2 > 0.80) when >500 data points are used in model parameterization. The GFM was shown to address daytime evolution of NEP reasonably well for a wide range of weather and site conditions. An analysis of residuals indicated that for the most part no obvious trends were evident; although a slight bias was detected in NEP with soil temperature. To explore the portability of the GFM across ecosystem types, a transcontinental validation was conducted using NEP and ancillary data from seven ecosystems along a north-south transect (i.e., temperature–moisture gradient) from northern Europe (Finland) to the Middle East (Israel). The GFM was shown to explain over 75% of the variability in NEP measured at most ecosystems, which strongly suggests that the GFM maybe successfully applied to forest ecosystems outside Canada. 相似文献
137.
W. Rockwell Geyer Malcolm E. Scully David K. Ralston 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(5-6):495-509
Estuarine turbulence is notable in that both the dissipation rate and the buoyancy frequency extend to much higher values than in other natural environments. The high dissipation rates lead to a distinct inertial subrange in the velocity and scalar spectra, which can be exploited for quantifying the turbulence quantities. However, high buoyancy frequencies lead to small Ozmidov scales, which require high sampling rates and small spatial aperture to resolve the turbulent fluxes. A set of observations in a highly stratified estuary demonstrate the effectiveness of a vessel-mounted turbulence array for resolving turbulent processes, and for relating the turbulence to the forcing by the Reynolds-averaged flow. The observations focus on the ebb, when most of the buoyancy flux occurs. Three stages of mixing are observed: (1) intermittent and localized but intense shear instability during the early ebb; (2) continuous and relatively homogeneous shear-induced mixing during the mid-ebb, and weakly stratified, boundary-layer mixing during the late ebb. The mixing efficiency as quantified by the flux Richardson number Rf was frequently observed to be higher than the canonical value of 0.15 from Osborn (J Phys Oceanogr 10:83–89, 1980). The high efficiency may be linked to the temporal–spatial evolution of shear instabilities. 相似文献
138.
C. Louise Goggin Patricia M. Please Malcolm J. Ridges Charles A. Booth Geoffrey R. Simpson Richard Green 《Local Environment》2017,22(10):1217-1236
Connecting people with nature improves well-being, but how people connect with natural places is not well documented. We asked 43 people (19 Aboriginal Australians, 24 non-Aboriginal people) about the messages they received from Country during an interactive experience in the remote Mungo National Park, Australia, and analysed the physical senses, emotions and cognitive processes they mentioned. The physical senses mentioned by most respondents were sight, hearing and motion (particularly walking). These senses helped people receive messages from Country and connect with place. We used the primary-process emotional systems of Panksepp [2010. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12 (4), 533–545] as a framework to capture the emotional dimension of experience. Most people reported positive emotions; they spoke about being nurtured by the group and the land (CARE), and the intense joy (PLAY) of being part of the community, being on Country and being accompanied by Aboriginal people. However, our results indicate the framework does not capture the breadth of positive emotions, particularly those associated with connection to place and spiritual experiences. Both groups mentioned cognitive processes reflecting their beliefs, existing knowledge, or sharing and acquiring new knowledge. Our results indicate that the emotional dimension of experience has the potential to measure connection to place, and provide a subjective measure of well-being. More research is needed to document this dimension of experience, and how it changes with context. Our case study provides further insight for those who manage protected areas and seek to enrich the experience of visitors. 相似文献
139.
Given that no specific provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act explicitly deal with psychosocial risk factors, in Québec, occupational health and safety inspectors employed by the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CSST) address psychosocial hazards under the Act’s general duty clause. This general duty clause and related provisions require that all employers eliminate hazards at source and protect the health of workers. More specifically, they are required to ensure that the organisation of work does not adversely affect the safety or health of the worker. Since 2004, Québec minimum standards legislation has also provided for the right of workers to an environment that is free from psychological harassment.Written from both a legal and public health perspective, this paper has two primary objectives: first, to better understand the potential and limits of the current legislative framework for the protection of the mental health of workers and second, to describe how scientific knowledge related to high risk situations for the mental health of workers might inform interventions by inspectors for the protection of workers’ mental health. 相似文献
140.
Susana Torno Javier Toraño Mario Menendez Malcolm Gent Cristina Allende 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(1):99-112
Landfill sites have been the most common way of eliminating solid urban waste, as well as that of public and mining wastes.
Landfill sites are a constant source of environmental pollution and wind is the most important contributing factor to air
pollution, due to the erosion which it produces over the landfill site surfaces, transporting dust away from the source point.
This causes serious risks for human health and general dirt in the surrounding areas of the landfill site. The result of dust
air pollution produced in a landfill site is analysed through CFD3D (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by joining the LIDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) technique and Ansys CFX 10.0 software. The CFD simulations determine the wind velocity distribution
on the landfill site surface and the different particle threshold friction velocities which determine the dust emission in
multiphase simulations (air-particles). These simulations are validated from field data obtained in three measurement programmes
for each type of landfill site surface treatment which has been studied. It was determined that the superficial landfill site
treatment with the lowest air pollution is tall grass and bushes. The methodology used can be applied to the dust emission
calculation in the design or evaluation of other landfill sites. 相似文献