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11.
Tomohiro Kuwae Jota Kanda Atsushi Kubo Fumiyuki Nakajima Hiroshi Ogawa Akio Sohma Masahiro Suzumura 《Ambio》2016,45(3):290-301
Estuarine
and shallow coastal systems (ESCS) are recognized as not only significant organic carbon reservoirs but also emitters of CO2 to the atmosphere through air–sea CO2 gas exchange, thus posing a dilemma on ESCS’s role in climate change mitigation measures. However, some studies have shown that coastal waters take up atmospheric CO2 (Catm), although the magnitude and determinants remain unclear. We argue that the phenomenon of net uptake of Catm by ESCS is not unusual under a given set of terrestrial inputs and geophysical conditions. We assessed the key properties of systems that show the net Catm uptake and found that they are often characteristic of human-dominated systems: (1) input of high terrestrial nutrients, (2) input of treated wastewater in which labile carbon is highly removed, and (3) presence of hypoxia. We propose that human-dominated ESCS are worthy of investigation as a contributor to climate change mitigation. 相似文献
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Sinya Seto Manabu Sato Tsutomu Tatano Takashi Kusakari Hiroshi Hara 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9386-9396
Wet deposition of major ions was discussed from the viewpoint of its potential sources for six remote EANET sites in Japan (Rishiri, Happo, Oki, Ogasawara, Yusuhara, and Hedo) having sufficiently high data completeness during 2000–2004. The annual deposition for each site ranged from 12.1 to 46.6 meq m−2 yr−1 for nss-SO42−, from 5.0 to 21.9 meq m−2 yr−1 for NO3−. The ranges of annual deposition of the two ions for the sites were lower than those for urban and rural sites in Japanese Acid Deposition Survey by Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and higher than those for global remote marine sites. Factor analysis was performed on log-transformed daily wet deposition of major ions for each site. The obtained two factors were interpreted as (1) acid and soil source (or acid source for some sites), and (2) sea-salt source for all the sites. This indicates that wet deposition of ions over the remote areas in Japan has a similar structure in terms of types of sources. Factor scores of acid and soil source were relatively high during Kosa (Asian dust) events in spring in western Japan. Back-trajectories for high-deposition episodes of acid and soil source (or acid source) for the remote sites showed that episodic air masses frequently came from the northeastern area of Asian Continent in spring and winter, and from central China in summer and autumn. This indicates a large contribution of continental emissions to wet deposition of ions over the remote areas in Japan. 相似文献
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Igawa M Kase T Satake K Okochi H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,119(3):375-382
We have measured the components of the throughfall under fir trees (Abies firma) in the field around Mt. Oyama, where the forest appears to be declining, for the period 1994-1998. Exposure experiments of a simulated acid fog to fir twigs were performed under field conditions. There was a similarity between the acid response in the field and that in the laboratory. In both studies, the severe leaching of calcium ions from the needle surface was caused by exposure to acid fog. We also applied acid fog to fir seedlings over 1 year and observed a decrease in the growth of the seedlings due to this application in the dormant season. These results suggest that the severe leaching of calcium ions due to acid fog may cause the deficiency of calcium and be responsible for the decline of the fir trees. 相似文献
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Kamal Baharin Nur Syahirah Cherdkeattikul Supitchaya Kanada Nami Hara Hirofumi Mizuno Satoru Sawai Toru Fuchihata Manabu Ida Tamio 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):17-36
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Growing concern over fossil fuel depletion and the environmental impact of greenhouse gases have driven the demand for solid biofuel energy as an... 相似文献
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文章通过对日本神奈川县丹沢.大山中不同位置安装的静态雾水采集器采集样品的分析结果,分别与动态雾水采集器及同一地点采集的雨水样品的分析结果进行线性相关性的分析后得出:动态雾水采集器的性能虽然好于静态雾水采集器。但是,静态雾水采集器安置的环境如果适当,那么静态雾水采集器所采集的样品能够反映大气环境的状况,并且由于其价格低廉、不耗电特点,是一个很好的大气监测设备。 相似文献
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Ammonia volatilization from livestock manure is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen loss from agricultural cultivated fields. In this paper, we report the measurement of ammonia emission from cattle slurry manure applied to upland in Miyazaki, Japan. It has been determined that after the cattle slurry was sprayed on the upland surface, the emission flux of the first day was 110 microg N ha(-1) s(-1). The loss of NH4(+) -N in the applied slurry was 60% after 5 days following the spraying of cattle slurry. 相似文献
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Myxomycetes are organisms characterized by a life cycle that includes a fruiting body stage. Myxomycete fruiting bodies contain spores, and wind dispersal of the spores is considered important for this organism to colonize new areas. In this study, the presence of airborne myxomycetes and the temporal changes in the myxomycete composition of atmospheric particles (aerosols) were investigated with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for Didymiaceae and Physaraceae. Twenty-one aerosol samples were collected on the roof of a three-story building located in Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. PCR analysis of DNA extracts from the aerosol samples indicated the presence of airborne myxomycetes in all the samples, except for the one collected during the snowfall season. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the PCR products showed seasonally varying banding patterns. The detected DGGE bands were subjected to sequence analyses, and four out of nine obtained sequences were identical to those of fruiting body samples collected in Hokkaido Island. It appears that the difference in the fruiting period of each species was correlated with the seasonal changes in the myxomycete composition of the aerosols. Molecular evidence shows that newly formed spores are released and dispersed in the air, suggesting that wind-driven dispersal of spores is an important process in the life history of myxomycetes. This study is the first to detect airborne myxomycetes with the use of molecular ecological analyses and to characterize their seasonal distribution. 相似文献