电镀废水中低浓度镍和锌离子的高效富集研究

电镀废水中低浓度重金属离子的处理普遍采用混凝沉淀法,由此产生了大量重金属污泥,其安全处置过程复杂且成本较高.基于此,本文研究了一种资源化回收电镀废水中低浓度镍离子(Ni~(2+))和锌离子(Zn~(2+))的方法.结果表明,电镀废水经过铁盐混凝后,产生的沉淀溶解于硝酸中,得到硝酸溶解液中Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度分别高达2.3 g·L~(-1)和1.5 g·L~(-1),而杂质铁(Fe~(3+))浓度为12.2 g·L~(-1).将硝酸溶解液直接进行水热处理,溶液中Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度不变,残留铁浓度为1.76 g·L~(-1).向硝酸溶解液中添加乙酰丙酸(C_5H_8O_3)后进行水热处理,Ni~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度依然不变,但溶液中残留铁浓度仅为0.78 mg·L~(-1).硝酸溶解液中铁的去除主要源于水热条件下铁的水解和缩聚转化为高结晶度的赤铁矿.添加乙酰丙酸能够同时降低溶液中NO~-_3浓度和提升pH值,促进溶液中铁的水解和缩聚.     

基于物联网技术的移动危险源监测研究

移动危险源根据运输方式不同分为道路移动危险源和水路移动危险源.道路移动危险源主要是危险化学品运输车辆等,水路移动危险源是指危险化学品运输船舶.本文基于物联网技术对移动危险源的监测进行了研究,提出了建立基于无线通信网络的监测系统和建立基于二维码的监测系统,前者对道路与水路移动危险源均适用,后者仅适用于道路移动危险源.理论分析表明利用物联网进行移动危险源的监测是可行的.     

盘式曝气器的结构优化设计

盘式曝气器是目前城市污水处理厂主要采用的曝气设备之一。但目前盘式曝气器存在充氧能力低、阻力损失大、使用寿命短等技术问题，增加了城市污水处理厂运行成本，降低了运行效能。针对这些问题，对盘式曝气器进行了结构优化设计。通过结构优化，既改善了曝气器的抗撕裂性和自闭性，同时叉提高了充氧能力，降低了曝气阻力损失。     

火烧与缺水对扎龙湿地植被群落的影响

2006年8月10日-8月21日,分别对扎龙湿地内的植被种类和植被类型进行调查,并在植被调查的基础上划分4处样地共20个样方调查野生芦苇群落的生物量。结果表明,火烧因子与缺水干旱因子对湿地内草本植物的生境、种类、植株数量、植被类型、单位面积生物量和株高影响明显。植被生境明显恶化,植被种类减少、植株数量下降、类型单一化,野生芦苇群落单位面积生物量降低。     

Interactive effect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)-contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced difference among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant effect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = -0.761~(***)), and catalase and urease (r = -0.554~(**)). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701~(***)). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.     

电力行业节能减排途径探讨

为实现电力行业十一五节能20%,二氧化硫削减22%的行业目标,电力行业面临严峻的节能减排形势。根据清洁生产源头控制以及废弃物资源化利用的原理,介绍了七种具有明显经济效益和环境效益的节能减排技术,为电力行业清洁生产审核中节能减排方案的提出提供借鉴作用。     

焚烧法和厌氧消化法处理制革污泥中热值、硫、铬的比较

焚烧法和厌氧消化法都是利用制革污泥中热量的有效方法。比较两种方法所产生的热量,以及污泥处理过程中向大气排放的硫和铬,同时对铬的迁移作了初步的讨论。试验表明:焚烧法产生的热量多于厌氧消化方法,而厌氧消化方法中硫以及重金属铬的排放量明显小于焚烧法。     

Effects of elevated ozone on growth and yield of field-grown rice in Yangtze River Delta, China

With rapid industrialization and urbanization in the Yangtze Delta, China, the tropospheric ozone concentration has increased to levels that induce crop yield loss. Rice, a widely grown crop in China, was investigated in field-established, open-top chambers. Four treatments were used： charcoal-filtered air （CF）, non-charcoal-filtered air （NF）, and charcoal-filtered air with two levels of additional ozone （O3-1 and O3-2）. The AOT40s （accumulated hourly mean ozone concentration above 40 ppbv） were 0, 0.91, 23.24, and 39.28 ppmv.h for treatment of CE NF, O3-1, and O3-2, respectively. The rice height and biomass were reduced in the elevated ozone concentration. Less organic matter partitioning to roots under the elevated ozone significantly decreased rice root activity. The yield loss was 14.3% and 20.2% under O3-1 and O3-2 exposure, respectively. This was largely caused by a reduction in grain weight per panicle.     

染料行业节水减污措施探讨

染料行业发展迅速,但随着节能减排要求的提高,问题也愈暴露,甚至影响到染料工业的生存。针对染料行业水耗高、废水产生量大的严峻环境问题,提出节水减污的工作思路。通过推行清洁生产,找出水耗高、污染物产生量大的环节,结合企业实际生产情况,从染料生产的技术工艺、设备、水回收利用、加强管理、结合一定的末端治理5个方面,探讨节水减污的措施,争取做到源头节水,将污染物最大程度地消灭在生产过程中,做到废水的回收利用,使染料行业能够可持续发展下去。     

化学杀菌剂处理油田回注水的应用研究

目前油田进行的二次采油,需要向油井注入大量的回注水。回注水管道中含有大量硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和铁细菌(FB)等,其生长、代谢和繁殖易引起金属管道腐蚀,影响了油田正常生产。本文选取大庆油田回注水,用化学杀菌剂进行处理。结果表明化学杀菌剂处理油田回注水的合适应用条件是:pH值为5.0～9.5;对聚驱水采用异噻唑啉酮,采用均匀式加药方式,投加量为120mg/L,每3天加药一次;对水驱采用1227-异噻唑啉酮,每15天冲击加药一次,投加量为80mg/L。在此条件下,对于聚驱水杀菌率硫酸盐还原菌为99.99%,腐生菌和铁细菌100%;对于水驱水杀菌率硫酸盐还原菌可达100%,腐生菌99.99%,铁细菌99.99%。