Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current study is focused on the simple synthesis of two novel biosorbent beads: BASB/STMP and CNFB/STMP, derived respectively from bleached almond... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chitosan (CS) nanosystems have potential applications for the control of microorganisms in the medical, environmental, and agrifood fields. In vivo... 相似文献
The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust(DE) is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene(1NP), a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples(10 m L) from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_(2.5), 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also measured.Exposures to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m~3(±standard deviation). Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects(n = 17) studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust.This study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker. 相似文献
The relationship between tropical forests and global climate change has so far focused on mitigation, while much less emphasis
has been placed on how management activities may help forest ecosystems adapt to this change. This paper discusses how tropical
forestry practices can contribute to maintaining or enhancing the adaptive capacity of natural and planted forests to global
climate change and considers challenges and opportunities for the integration of tropical forest management in broader climate
change adaptation. In addition to the use of reduced impact logging to maintain ecosystem integrity, other approaches may
be needed, such as fire prevention and management, as well as specific silvicultural options aimed at facilitating genetic
adaptation. In the case of planted forests, the normally higher intensity of management (with respect to natural forest) offers
additional opportunities for implementing adaptation measures, at both industrial and smallholder levels. Although the integration
in forest management of measures aimed at enhancing adaptation to climate change may not involve substantial additional effort
with respect to current practice, little action appears to have been taken to date. Tropical foresters and forest-dependent
communities appear not to appreciate the risks posed by climate change and, for those who are aware of them, practical guidance
on how to respond is largely non-existent. The extent to which forestry research and national policies will promote and adopt
management practices in order to assist production forests adapt to climate change is currently uncertain. Mainstreaming adaptation
into national development and planning programs may represent an initial step towards the incorporation of climate change
considerations into tropical forestry. 相似文献
The titanium dioxide assisted photodegradation of Diquat and Paraquat herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation, considering its direct application in the treatment of contaminated waters and soils. To have a better understanding of the photodegradation process, different types of TiO2, commercial and 'home prepared' Ti(1-x)FexO2 (x = 0% and 4%), were used as catalysts, using an UV light as radiation source. The degradation reactions were followed by UV spectroscopy and the intermediates and reaction products were characterised by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) combined with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The present study shows that, for photocatalytic degradation of Diquat and Paraquat solutions, a basic pH can be determinant, as well as the type of catalyst. The type of catalyst can also strongly influence the degradation pattern of the herbicide. Regarding complete degradation, we were able to show that Diquat is more persistent than Paraquat. During the photocatalytic processes, several intermediate and reaction products are sequentially formed, to which structures are proposed. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recycled aggregates (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) instead of natural aggregates (NA) were analysed in the manufacture of new... 相似文献
Although the southeast region of the Gulf of California has a high fish diversity, due to the high biological productivity, the coastal area of Nayarit has few studies in this regard. The main objective of this work is to describe the variability of the structure of the ichthyofauna in the coastal zone of Nayarit during an annual cycle. Biological samples were collected at 10 stations during February, May, July, and December 2014. The temperature, depth, salinity, and organic material and carbonates in sediments were also recorded. The analysis of diversity includes three facets: ecological, taxonomic, and functional. A total of 82 species belonging to 56 genera, 31 families, 11 orders, and two classes were identified. The most abundant species included Selene peruviana, Stellifer wintersteenorum, Cathorops sp., and Larimus argenteus. Of the total of identified species, 62% were considered as rare according to their abundance and frequency. Although the environmental variables analyzed were variable, all diversity indices did not reveal an evident spatio-seasonal pattern. Likewise, most values of average taxonomic distinctness presented the expected values. However, some values showed a low taxonomic diversity. The indices of functional diversity showed a stable functional richness and redundancy in the attributes of the species.
Natural forest regrowth is a cost-effective, nature-based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape-scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second-growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second-growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine-learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape-scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9–51%). Landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in second-growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range-adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth. 相似文献