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71.
Marie-Lise Schläppy Sandra I. Schöttner Gaute Lavik Marcel M. M. Kuypers Dirk de Beer Friederike Hoffmann 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):593-602
Aerobic and anaerobic microbial key processes were quantified and compared to microbial numbers and morphological structure
in Mediterranean sponges. Direct counts on histological sections stained with DAPI showed that sponges with high microbial
abundances (HMA sponges) have a denser morphological structure with a reduced aquiferous system compared to low microbial
abundance (LMA) sponges. In Dysidea avara, the LMA sponge, rates of nitrification and denitrification were higher than in the HMA sponge Chondrosia reniformis, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation and sulfate reduction were below detection in both species. This study shows that LMA
sponges may host physiologically similar microbes with comparable or even higher metabolic rates than HMA sponges, and that
anaerobic processes such as denitrification can be found both in HMA and LMA sponges. A higher concentration of microorganisms
in the mesohyl of HMA compared to LMA sponges may indicate a stronger retention of and, hence, a possible benefit from associated
microbes. 相似文献
72.
The complex songs of songbirds are thought to have evolved through sexual selection. Sexually selected signals must be associated
with costs in order to ensure their honesty as indicator of male quality. Costs may relate to the development of the neural
substrate underlying song learning, which develops already very early in life. Song may, therefore, serve as an indicator
of the early developmental history. This nutritional stress hypothesis has initially been confirmed for a variety of species,
but recent studies using zebra finches as a model species reported somewhat inconsistent effects, and the functional consequences
of changes in adult song phenotype remain unclear. We tested the nutritional stress hypothesis in canaries by manipulating
either the brood size or the food quality postfledging. The brood size manipulation had a significant effect on early development,
and low food quality postfledging led to a transient reduction in body mass. However, we did not find evidence that any of
the song traits measured reflected the early developmental conditions, which is in conflict with the nutritional stress hypothesis.
Canaries may be less vulnerable to nutritional stress or are able to compensate stressful conditions during early development.
However, if males compensated, this compensation may have come at a survival cost. Female mate choice decisions were independent
of the developmental history of a male. Instead, females preferred males singing longer song bouts, a trait that may contain
a heritable component. 相似文献
73.
Iserbyt Arne Eens Marcel Baetens Wendy Vermeulen Anke Müller Wendt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2017,71(4):1-15
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - An individual’s home range, or how much space it requires to obtain resources and meet its needs for survival and reproduction, affects the scale of many... 相似文献
74.
Mehrey G. Vaghti Marcel Holyoak Amy Williams Theresa S. Talley Alexander K. Fremier Steven E. Greco 《Environmental management》2009,43(1):28-37
Societal constraints often limit full process restoration in large river systems, making local rehabilitation activities valuable
for regeneration of riparian vegetation. A target of much mitigation and restoration is the federally threatened Valley elderberry
longhorn beetle and its sole host plant, blue elderberry, in upper riparian floodplain environments. However, blue elderberry
ecology is not well understood and restoration attempts typically have low success rates. We determined broad-scale habitat
characteristics of elderberry in altered systems and examined associated plant species composition in remnant habitat. We
quantified vegetation community composition in 139 remnant riparian forest patches along the Sacramento River and elderberry
stem diameters along this and four adjacent rivers. The greatest proportion of plots containing elderberry was located on
higher and older floodplain surfaces and in riparian woodlands dominated by black walnut. Blue elderberry saplings and shrubs
with stems <5.0 cm in diameter were rare, suggesting a lack of recruitment. A complex suite of vegetation was associated with
blue elderberry, including several invasive species which are potentially outcompeting seedlings for light, water, or other
resources. Such lack of recruitment places increased importance on horticultural restoration for the survival of an imperiled
species. These findings further indicate a need to ascertain whether intervention is necessary to maintain functional and
diverse riparian woodlands, and a need to monitor vegetative species composition over time, especially in relation to flow
regulation. 相似文献
75.
76.
Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pollutants in eggs of little owls (Athene noctua) from Belgium 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jaspers V Covaci A Maervoet J Dauwe T Voorspoels S Schepens P Eens M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(1):81-88
Residues of brominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 40 eggs of little owls (Athene noctua), a terrestrial top predator from Belgium. The major organohalogens detected were PCBs (median 2,600 ng/g lipid, range 790-23 000 ng/g lipid). PCB 153,138/163, 170, 180 and 187 were the predominant congeners and constituted 71% of total sum PCBs. PBDEs were measurable in all samples, but their concentrations were much lower than for PCBs, with a range from 29-572 ng/g lipid (median 108 ng/g lipid). The most prevalent PBDE congeners in little owl egg samples were BDE 47, 99 and 153. This profile differs from the profile in marine bird species, for which BDE 47 was the dominant congener, indicating that terrestrial birds may be more exposed to higher brominated BDE congeners than marine birds. The fully brominated BDE 209 could be detected in one egg sample (17 ng/g lipid), suggesting that higher brominated BDEs may accumulate in terrestrial food chains. Brominated biphenyl (BB) 153 was determined in all egg samples, with levels ranging from 0.6 to 5.6 ng/g lipid (median 1.3 ng/g lipid). Additionally, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) could be identified and quantified in only two eggs at levels of 20 and 50 ng/g lipid. OCPs were present at low concentrations, suggesting a rather low contamination of the sampled environment with OCPs (median concentrations of sum DDTs: 826 ng/g lipid, sum chlordanes: 1,016 ng/g lipid, sum HCHs: 273 ng/g lipid). Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) were also found at low median levels of 134 and 3.4 ng/g lipid, respectively. Concentrations of most analytes were significantly higher in eggs collected from deserted nests in comparison to addled (unhatched) eggs, while eggshell thickness did not differ between deserted and addled eggs. No significant correlations were found between eggshell thickness and the analysed organohalogens. 相似文献
77.
Goemans M Clarysse P Joannès J De Clercq P Lenaerts S Matthys K Boels K 《Chemosphere》2003,50(4):489-497
The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/Nm3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NO(chi)- and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/N m3 andbelow 10 mg/N m3, respectively. 相似文献
78.
Hoff PT Van de Vijver K Dauwe T Covaci A Maervoet J Eens M Blust R De Coen W 《Chemosphere》2005,61(11):1558-1569
A perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) biomonitoring survey was conducted on great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Parus caeruleus) nestlings from Blokkersdijk, a bird reserve in the proximity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp (Belgium) and Fort IV, a control area. PFOS, together with 11 organochlorine pesticides, 20 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers were measured in liver tissue. The hepatic PFOS concentrations at Blokkersdijk (86–2788 and 317–3322 ng/g wet weight (ww) for great and blue tit, respectively) were among the highest ever measured and were significantly higher than at the control area (17–206 and 69–514 ng/g ww for great and blue tit, respectively). The hepatic PFOS concentration was species- and sex-independent and correlated significantly and positively with the serum alanine aminotransferase activity and negatively with the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both species but did not correlate with condition or serum protein concentration. In the great tit, a significant positive correlation was observed between the liver PFOS concentration and the relative liver weight. In the blue tit, the hepatic PFOS concentration correlated positively and significantly with hematocrite values. None of the investigated organohalogen pollutants except for PFOS were suggested to be involved in the observed biological alterations. 相似文献
79.
80.
Bruno Bauch O. Stocker K. Linsbauer Fritz von Wettstein 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1925,13(42):870-872