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排序方式: 共有1314条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
901.
Screening of pesticides for environmental partitioning tendency 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
902.
Azo-dyes photocatalytic degradation in aqueous suspension of TiO2 under solar irradiation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Augugliaro V Baiocchi C Prevot AB García-López E Loddo V Malato S Marcí G Palmisano L Pazzi M Pramauro E 《Chemosphere》2002,49(10):1223-1230
The photodegradation of two common and very stable azo-dyes, i.e. methyl-orange (C14H14N3SO3Na) and orange II (C16H11N2SO4Na), is reported. The photocatalytic oxidation was carried out in aqueous suspensions of polycrystalline TiO2 irradiated by sunlight. Compound parabolic collectors, installed at the “Plataforma Solar de Almería” (PSA, Spain) were used as the photoreactors and two identical reacting systems allowed to perform photoreactivity runs for the two dyes at the same time and under the same irradiation conditions. The disappearance of colour and substrates together with the abatement of total organic carbon content was monitored. The main sulfonate-containing intermediates were found to be in lower number in respect to those obtained under artificial irradiation. In particular there were no more evidence of the presence of hydroxylated transients. The dependence of dye photooxidation rate on: (i) substrate concentration; (ii) catalyst amount; and (iii) initial pH was investigated. The influence of the presence of strong oxidant species (H2O2, S2O82−) and some ions (Cl−, SO42−) on the process was also studied. 相似文献
903.
Effects of intensive mariculture on sediment biochemistry. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Antonio Pusceddu Simonetta Fraschetti Simone Mirto Marianne Holmer Roberto Danovaro 《Ecological applications》2007,17(5):1366-1378
The exponential growth of off-shore mariculture that has occurred worldwide over the last 10 years has raised concern about the impact of the waste produced by this industry on the ecological integrity of the sea bottom. Investigations into this potential source of impact on the biochemistry of the sea floor have provided contrasting results, and no compelling explanations for these discrepancies have been provided to date. To quantify the impact of fish-farm activities on the biochemistry of sediments, we have investigated the quantity and biochemical composition of sediment organic matter in four different regions in the temperate-warm Mediterranean Sea: Akrotiri Bay (Cyprus), Sounion Bay (Greece), Pachino Bay (Italy), and the Gulf of Alicante (Spain). In these four study regions, the concentrations of phytopigments, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids in the sediments were measured, comparing locations receiving wastes from fish farms to control locations in two different habitats: seagrass beds and soft nonvegetated substrates. Downward fluxes were also measured in all of the regions, up to 200 m from the fish farms, to assess the potential spatial extent of the impact. In all four regions, with the exception of seagrass sediments in Spain, the biochemistry of the sediments showed significant differences between the control and fish-farm locations. However, the variables explaining the differences observed varied among the regions and between habitats, suggesting idiosyncratic effects of fish-farm waste on the biochemistry of sediments. These are possibly related to differences in the local physicochemical variables that could explain a significant proportion of the differences seen between the control and fish-farm locations. Biodeposition derived from the fish farms decreased with increasing distance from the fish-farm cages, but with different patterns in the four regions. Our results indicate that quantitative and qualitative changes in the organic loads of the sediments that arise from intensive aquaculture are dependent upon the ecological context and are not predictable only on the basis of fish-farm attributes and hydrodynamic regimes. Therefore, the siting of fish farms should only be allowed after a case-by-case assessment of the ecological context of the region, especially in terms of the organic matter load and its biochemical composition. 相似文献
904.
Marco A.González 《生态毒理学报》2003,25(1):32-36
资金匮乏仍然是阻碍企业广泛实施清洁生产的主要原因之一.这一问题在中小企业中尤为严重,因为资金提供方往往认为投资它们比投资大企业的风险大,而收益却很小.这种状况非常不利于拉丁美洲实现清洁生产,因为中小企业在拉丁美洲工业部门中占的比例非常之大(约为 95%).联合国环境署( UNEP)赞助的拉丁美洲清洁生产信贷计划将利用清洁生产中心的经验和技术、国际绿色基金以及财力雄厚的地方商业银行帮助该地区实现清洁生产. 相似文献
905.
Antonio G. Goulart Davidson M. Moreira Marco T. Vilhena Gervásio A. Degrazia Sergej S. Zilitinkevich 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2007,7(5):409-419
Starting from the evolution equation for the turbulent energy density spectrum (EDS), we develop a new model for the growth
of the Convective boundary layer (CBL). We apply dimensional analysis to parameterize the unknown inertial transport and convective
source term in the dynamic equation for the three-dimensional (3-D) spectrum and solve the 3-D EDS equation. The one-dimensional
vertical spectrum is derived from the 3-D spectrum, employing a weight function. This allows us to select the magnitude of
the vertical spectral component for the construction of the growing 3-D EDS. Furthermore, we employ the vertical component
of the energy spectrum to calculate the eddy diffusivity (required in dispersion models). Currently there are no available
experimental data to directly verify our EDS model. 相似文献
906.
Bussotti F Gerosa G Cenni E Cozzi A Ferretti M Bettini D Nibbi R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,85(3):221-238
This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level I network between 1997 and 2000. Prior to this period no Quality Assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. The aim of the study is to compare differentindices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. In international surveys,findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees presenting a defoliation level greater than 2 %; this criterion,however, has been challenged since it is not based on scientificevidence. By analysing the distribution of defoliation values(grouped in 5% classes) relating to the main species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Picea abies), the study examines the behaviour of statistical indices such as the median, the mode and the mean. Instead of using the traditional 25% threshold to determine the part of the population with the highest defoliation values, a procedureis suggested whereby a different threshold can be determined foreach species. It is established based on the 90° percentile of cumulative defoliation values recorded over the four-year period. Each index used to report findings possessesits own information potential, and the findings may at times appear contradictory. The use of a combined defoliation and discoloration index (Ilce = Lacking Crown Equivalent Index) is also proposed, but the results obtained do not differin substance from the results relating to defoliation alone. Thefunctional limitations of this index are due mainly to the way the data are collected: for this reason suggestions are made onhow to improve the procedure in future surveys. 相似文献
907.
Antonio?Piersanti Fabio?MonfortiEmail author Gabriele?Zanini 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(4):291-301
Three state of the art traffic–emission–dispersion models dealing with particulate matter have been tested and validated over
the Bologna metropolitan area with 2001 data and a future scenario has been developed in order to estimate expected PM concentrations
in 2010. The modelling system is composed by a traffic model (VISUM) evaluating vehicle fluxes as a function of mobility demand
and road network in the area, an emission model (Trefic) estimating pollutants emitted in atmosphere as a function of vehicle
fluxes amount and composition and of environmental conditions and a dispersion model (ADMS) evaluating PM concentrations on
the area, given the meteorological variables. The three models compose a cascade sequence and results of the previous one
feed the next one. PM concentrations computed by the model suite for the town of Bologna, in northern Italy, for the reference
period (January 2001) have been compared with air quality stations measurements suggesting the modelling system being especially
suitable for evaluating traffic induced PM. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the circulating vehicle fleet have been
supposed in order to obtain a realistic scenario for year 2010. Forecasted concentrations have been then compared with limits
fixed by current EU legislation for particulate matter. 相似文献
908.
Nadine Salzmann Stephan Gruber Marco Hugentobler Martin Hoelzle 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(4):303-313
The thawing of alpine permafrost due to changes in atmospheric conditions can have a severe impact, e.g., on the stability
of rock walls. The energy balance model, PERMEBAL, was developed in order to simulate the changes and distribution of ground
surface temperature (GST) in complex high-mountain topography. In such environments, the occurrence of permafrost depends
greatly on the topography, and thus, the digital terrain model (DTM) is an important input of PERMEBAL. This study investigates
the influence of the DTM on the modeling of the GST. For this purpose, PERMEBAL was run with six different DTMs. Five of the
six DTMs are based on the same base data, but were generated using different interpolators. To ensure that only the topographic
effect on the GST is calculated, the snow module was turned off and uniform conditions were assumed for the whole test area.
The analyses showed that the majority of the deviations between the different model outputs related to a reference DTM had
only small differences of up to 1 K, and only a few pixels deviated more than 1 K. However, we also observed that the use
of different interpolators for the generation of a DTM can result in large deviations of the model output. These deviations
were mainly found at topographically complex locations such as ridges and foot of slopes. 相似文献
909.
910.
Bustamante Mercedes M. C. Silva José Salomão Scariot Aldicir Sampaio Alexandre Bonesso Vieira Daniel Luis Mascia Garcia Edenise Sano Edson Fernandes Geraldo Wilson Durigan Giselda Roitman Iris Figueiredo Isabel Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro Pillar Valério D. de Oliveira Alba Orli Malhado Ana Claudia Alencar Ane Vendramini Annelise Padovezi Aurélio Carrascosa Helena Freitas Joberto Siqueira José Alves Shimbo Julia Generoso Leonel Graça Tabarelli Marcelo Biderman Rachel de Paiva Salomão Rafael Valle Raul Junior Brienza Nobre Carlos 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2020,25(4):735-736
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error. 相似文献