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271.
Sprovieri M Oliveri E Di Leonardo R Romano E Ausili A Gabellini M Barra M Tranchida G Bellanca A Neri R Budillon F Saggiomo R Mazzola S Saggiomo V 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1753-1760
The Augusta basin, located in SE Sicily (southern Italy), is a semi-enclosed marine area, labelled as a highly contaminated site. The release of mercury into the harbour seawater and its dispersion to the blue water, make the Augusta basin a potential source of anthropogenic pollution for the Mediterranean Sea. A mass balance was implemented to calculate the HgT budget in the Augusta basin. Results suggest that an average of ~0.073 kmol of HgT is released, by diffusion, on a yearly basis, from sediments to the seawater, with a consequent output of 0.162 kmol y(-1) to coastal and offshore waters; this makes the Augusta area an important contributor of mercury to the Mediterranean Sea. Owing to the geographical location of the Augusta basin, its outflowing shelf-waters are immediately intercepted by the surface Atlantic Ionian Stream (AIS) and mixed with the main gyres of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, thus representing a risk for the large-scale marine system. 相似文献
272.
Parolini Marco Sturini Michela Maraschi Federica Profumo Antonella Costanzo Alessandra Caprioli Manuela Rubolini Diego Ambrosini Roberto Canova Luca 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15828-15837
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace elements are widespread contaminants that can potentially threaten ecosystems and human health. Considering their distribution and toxicity,... 相似文献
273.
274.
We investigated the fledging probability of oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus, chicks as a function of hatching order, brood size, territory quality and food availability. Sibling dominance was related
to the hatching order in both low- (’leapfrogs’) and high-quality (’residents’) territories. Differences in hatchling mass
might have aided the establishment of a dominance hierarchy, since breeders produced small late eggs and hatchlings. These
mass differences were most pronounced in leapfrogs, and in large broods in years with lower food availability (’poor’ years).
Late hatchlings fledged less often and with lower body masses compared to early hatchlings in all situations. Leapfrogs produced
smaller broods and hatched their broods more asynchronously in poor years than leapfrogs breeding in years with more available
food (’good’ years) and residents breeding in both poor and good years. Large brood sizes resulted in lower survival of hatchlings
in poor years. These results favour the ’brood reduction’ hypothesis. However, contrary to the expectations of this hypothesis,
hatching order also affected fledging success in residents. Moreover, large brood size resulted in higher survival of hatchlings
in good years, particularly in residents. Thus, although large broods experienced losses due to sibling competition in some
years, they nevertheless consistently produced more fledglings per brood in all years, both as leapfrogs and residents. We
believe this effect is due to parental quality correlating with initial brood size. Most leapfrogs, at best, fledged one chick
successfully each year, losing chicks due to starvation. Nevertheless, leapfrog broods were reduced in size after hatching
significantly less quickly than resident broods. These results suggest that breeders lay and hatch insurance eggs to compensate
for unpredictable losses due to the high predation rates on both nests (ca 50%) and chicks (ca 90%), in accordance with the
’nest failure’ hypothesis.
Received: 14 February 2000 / Revised: 27 September 2000 / Accepted: 10 June 2000 相似文献
275.
Raffaella Tolotti Sirio Consani Cristina Carbone Greta Vagge Marco Capello Laura Cutroneo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(1):233-246
Environmental contamination has become a global problem of increasing intensity due to the exponential growth of industrialization. One main debated issue is the metal contamination of rivers receiving Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from active/abandoned mines. In order to assess the quality of lotic systems, diatoms are commonly used, as their assemblage modifies on the basis of changes in environmental parameters. Benthic diatom changes were analyzed along the metal-impacted Gromolo Torrent (Liguria, NW Italy) with the aim of understanding the effects of input from the abandoned Libiola Cu mine. The results support the hypothesis that metals from AMD lead to massive changes in diatoms, resulting in low biological diversity and in a shift of dominance, passing from the genera Cymbella and Cocconeis to more tolerant and opportunistic species, such as Achnanthidium minutissimum and Fragilaria rumpens. The high concentrations of labile metals, measured through Diffusion Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) immediately downstream of the two AMD inputs in the torrent, corresponded to a sudden decrease in the presence of diatoms, indicating the possible reaching of acute toxic levels. In particular, A. minutissimum dominated the mining area and was positively correlated with Cu and Zn; whereas F. rumpens bloomed downstream of this area, where the metal content was diluted, and was positively correlated with As and Pb. Finally, an important abundance of Nitzschia palea and teratological forms of A. minutissimum and F. rumpens were observed downstream from the mine, indicating that metals may have an important impact on diatoms up to the torrent mouth. 相似文献
276.
Marco Moriondo Marco Bindi Claudio Fagarazzi Roberto Ferrise Giacomo Trombi 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):553-567
Understanding the impacts of climate change on viticulture is especially essential in those areas producing high-quality wines.
In this work, we create an operational framework to investigate climate change impact on viticulture in the Tuscany region
(central Italy) the viticulture industry of which relies on producing high-quality wines to compete in a global market. The
framework includes (i) statistical downscaling of General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs for the period 1975–2099 to a local
scale; (ii) the use of downscaling outputs as driving variables in specific simulation models; (iii) the spatial interpolation
of model outputs to feed an economic and (iv) a quality model. The results show that as a consequence of a progressive increase
in temperature and a decrease in rainfall, (a) the area potentially suitable for grapevine cultivation increases; (b) the
grapevine growth cycle becomes shorter; (c) the final yield is gradually reduced, particularly in those areas characterised
by quality cultivation regulation; and d) the premium wine quality production areas shift towards higher elevations. The proposed
framework revealed itself to be an effective tool for climate change impact assessment at a very local scale. Additionally,
this approach may be easily extended to testing the effect of different adaptation strategies in terms of management practices
(e.g. irrigation) and grape varieties (e.g. longer or shorter cycle, advanced or delayed bud burst). 相似文献
277.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The transport of an adsorbate molecule from the bulk of a fluid phase to the active centre of an adsorbent particle involves complex mechanisms. Mechanisms need to... 相似文献
278.
Bias in protected‐area location and its effects on long‐term aspirations of biodiversity conventions
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Oscar Venter Ainhoa Magrach Nick Outram Carissa Joy Klein Hugh P. Possingham Moreno Di Marco James E.M. Watson 《Conservation biology》2018,32(1):127-134
To contribute to the aspirations of recent international biodiversity conventions, protected areas (PAs) must be strategically located and not simply established on economically marginal lands as they have in the past. With refined international commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity to target protected areas in places of “importance to biodiversity,” perhaps they may now be. We analyzed location biases in PAs globally over historic (pre‐2004) and recent periods. Specifically, we examined whether the location of protected areas are more closely associated with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species or with areas of low agricultural opportunity costs. We found that both old and new protected areas did not target places with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species. Instead, they appeared to be established in locations that minimize conflict with agriculturally suitable lands. This entrenchment of past trends has substantial implications for the contributions these protected areas are making to international commitments to conserve biodiversity. If protected‐area growth from 2004 to 2014 had strategically targeted unrepresented threatened vertebrates, >30 times more species (3086 or 2553 potential vs. 85 actual new species represented) would have been protected for the same area or the same cost as the actual expansion. With the land available for conservation declining, nations must urgently focus new protection on places that provide for the conservation outcomes outlined in international treaties. 相似文献
279.
René E. van Dijk Lidia A. Mészáros Marco van der Velde Tamás Székely Ákos Pogány János Szabad Jan Komdeur 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(9):1425-1435
Engagement in extra-pair copulations is an example of the abundant conflicting interests between males and females over reproduction.
Potential benefits for females and the risk of cuckoldry for males are expected to have important implications on the evolution
of parental care. However, whether parents adjust parental care in response to parentage remains unclear. In Eurasian penduline
tits Remiz pendulinus, which are small polygamous songbirds, parental care is carried out either by the male or by the female. In addition, one
third of clutches is deserted by both male and female. Desertion takes place during the egg-laying phase. Using genotypes
of nine microsatellite loci of 443 offspring and 211 adults, we test whether extra-pair paternity predicts parental care.
We expect males to be more likely to desert cuckolded broods, whereas we expect females, if they obtain benefits from having
multiple sires, to be more likely to care for broods with multiple paternity. Our results suggest that parental care is not
adjusted to parentage on an ecological timescale. Furthermore, we found that male attractiveness does not predict cuckoldry,
and we found no evidence for indirect benefits for females (i.e., increased growth rates or heterozygosity of extra-pair offspring).
We argue that male Eurasian penduline tits may not be able to assess the risk of cuckoldry; thus, a direct association with
parental care is unlikely to evolve. However, timing of desertion (i.e., when to desert during the egg-laying phase) may be
influenced by the risk of cuckoldry. Future work applying extensive gene sequencing and quantitative genetics is likely to
further our understanding of how selection may influence the association between parentage and parental care. 相似文献
280.