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Ioannis Mitsopoulos Giorgos Mallinis Anna Karali Christos Giannakopoulos Margarita Arianoutsou 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(7):1929-1940
Understanding how future climate periods influence fire behaviour is important for organizing fire suppression strategy and management. The meteorological factors are the most critical parameters affecting fire behaviour in natural landscapes; hence, predicting climate change effects on fire behaviour could be an option for optimizing firefighting resource management. In this study, we assessed climate change impacts on fire behaviour parameters (rate of fire growth, rate of spread and fireline intensity) for a typical Mediterranean landscape of Greece. We applied the minimum travel time fire simulation algorithm by using the FlamMap software to characterize potential response of fire behaviour for three summer periods. The results consisted of simulated spatially explicit fire behaviour parameters of the present climate (2000) and three future summer periods of 2050, 2070 and 2100, under the A1B emissions scenario. Statistical significant differences in simulation outputs among the four examined periods were obtained by using the Tukey’s significance test. Statistical significant differences were mainly obtained for 2100 compared to the present climate due to the significant projected increase in the wind speed by the end of the century. The analysis and the conclusions of the study can be important inputs for fire suppression strategy and fire management (deployment of fire suppression resources, firefighter safety and exposure, transportation logistics) quantifying the effect that the expected future climate periods can have on fire suppression difficulty in Mediterranean landscapes. 相似文献
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Zamora-Briseño Jesús Alejandro Améndola-Pimenta Monica Ortega-Rosas Daniel Antonio Pereira-Santana Alejandro Hernández-Velázquez Ioreni Margarita González-Penagos Carlos Eduardo Pérez-Vega Juan Antonio del Río-García Marcela Árcega-Cabrera Flor Rodríguez-Canul Rossanna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34309-34327
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Crude oil is one of the most widespread pollutants released into the marine environment, and native species have provided useful information about the... 相似文献
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Susanne Klammer Brigitte Knapp Heribert Insam Maria Teresa Dell'Abate Margarita Ros 《Waste management & research》2008,26(2):173-187
During composting, the degradation of organic waste is accompanied and driven by a succession of microbial populations exhibiting a broad range of functional capabilities. Detailed inventories of the microbial communities in mature compost, however, are not available. Mature composts, originating from biowaste as well as sewage sludge and anaerobic sludge, were studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis-fingerprints after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA genes using three different universal primer pairs, as well as by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The composts of different origin had different bacterial communities. The influence of different 16S rDNA primer sets on the same batches of compost DNA was evaluated. The clearest separation of different compost types was obtained by using the PCR primer pair 338f + 518r which is suggested for future applications. Communities from the different biowaste compost samples clustered together and could be separated from sewage sludge communities indicating the establishment of different microbial consortia. A similar differentiation of composts was found with the thermogavimetric analyses. It may thus be concluded that the resulting humus quality is closely linked to the microbial communities involved. 相似文献
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Luis F. de Diego Margarita de las Obras-Loscertales Francisco García-Labiano Aránzazu Rufas Alberto Abad Pilar Gayán Juan Adánez 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1190-1198
CO2 and SO2 are some of the main polluting gases emitted into atmosphere in combustion processes using fossil fuel for energy production. The former is one of the major contributors to build-up the greenhouse effect implicated in global climate change and the latter produces acid rain. Oxy-fuel combustion is a technology, which consists in burning the fuel with a mix of pure O2 and recirculated CO2. With this technology the CO2 concentration in the flue gas may be enriched up to 95%, becoming possible an easy CO2 recovery. In addition, oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized beds allows in situ desulfurization of combustion gases by supplying calcium based sorbent.In this work, the effect of the principal operation variables affecting the sulfation reaction rate in fluidized bed reactors (temperature, CO2 partial pressure, SO2 concentration and particle size) under typical oxy-fuel combustion conditions have been analyzed in a batch fluidized bed reactor using a limestone as sorbent. It has been observed that sulfur retention can be carried out by direct sulfation of the CaCO3 or by sulfation of the CaO (indirect sulfation) formed by CaCO3 calcination. Direct sulfation and indirect sulfation operating conditions depended on the temperature and CO2 partial pressure. The rate of direct sulfation rose with temperature and the rate of indirect sulfation for long reaction times decreased with temperature. An increase in the CO2 partial pressure had a negative influence on the sulfation conversion reached by the limestone due to a higher temperature was needed to work in conditions of indirect sulfation. Thus, it is expected that the optimum temperature for sulfur retention in oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized bed reactors be about 925–950 °C. Sulfation reaction rate rose with decreasing sorbent particle size and increasing SO2 concentration. 相似文献
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A commentary on our previously published meta-analysis about the predictive validity of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) raised a number of points. These points do not dispute the quantitative results as such, but suggest that our introduction and discussion overly favor the DBQ and are incomplete in a number of ways. The commentary targeted the following topics: common method variance, intercorrelations of different instruments, accident data validity, correcting for measurement error, 相似文献
Common method variance
Our meta-analysis provided an extensive discussion of validity threats, including ones not treated before in the DBQ literature, such as common scale anchors and publication bias. We see little added value in the commentary when it informs the readership of common method variance (CMV), as we clearly did this in our article. It is widely understood that CMV can account for a large share of the variance when self-reported data are intercorrelated (see Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff, 2003Intercorrelations of different instruments
The commentary reacts to an introductory sentence in which we stated that the DBQ is strongly situated in a network of other questionnaires and tests (such as Trait Anxiety, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and Sensation Seeking Scale), by asserting that we seem to interpret such correlations as a positive feature of the DBQ and by pointing out that correlations between the DBQ and other self-reports may have arisen spuriously because of CMV.We dispute the assertion that we regard correlationsAccident data validity
The commentary rejects our position that not only self-reported accident data are susceptible to biases, but recorded data too. Note that our remark applied to all types of recorded accidents, including police reports, hospital data, insurance data, as well as fleet data from professional drivers, and not just company data as in the work by af Wåhlberg, Dorn, and Kline (2011), which is mentioned in the commentary. The literature discusses several sources of bias for recorded accidents that areCorrecting for unreliability
The commentary pointed out that our correction for attenuation is unusual, a surprising claim considering the established importance of correction for measurement error in theory testing (Liu and Salvendy, 2009, Schmidt and Hunter, 1999). The available DBQ research provided almost no information on measurement error, so we did not apply a correction as part of the meta-analysis. Instead, we applied one afterwards, based on the raw data of the largest DBQ study available, and illustrated thatExposure
The commentary points out that our results were not corrected for exposure in any way. First of all, this statement is false, because our meta-analysis did include effect sizes corrected for exposure. We used a special moderator category for effect sizes other than zero-order correlations. These effect sizes were derived from regression analysis, often with mileage as one of the predictors.Second, it may be noted that af Wåhlberg himself reported that the association between exposure andFurther references
The commentary attended us to 11 studies supposedly not included in our meta-analysis. We appreciate af Wåhlberg and Dorn's close scrutiny of our reference list for potential omissions on the DBQ-accident relationship. It may be noted that missing a small fraction of studies in a meta-analysis of this scope is almost inevitable.The samples of four of the studies (Dobson et al., 1999, Elliott et al., 2007, Parker, 1999, Stradling et al., 2005) identified in the commentary were already includedDiscussion
The purpose of a meta-analysis is to provide a quantitative summary of a metric of interest, correlations between the DBQ, and external criteria in our case. af Wåhlberg and Dorn's commentary does not dispute the quantitative results in themselves (except with regard to the correction for exposure), but targets the qualitative introduction and discussion of our article.The commentary raises some valid points, albeit points already discussed in our article. We too believe that common method88.
Nadezhda K. Khristoforova Vasiliy Yu. Tsygankov Olga N. Lukyanova Margarita D. Boyarova 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(2):575-579
Mercury (Hg) accumulation in fishes is a serious threat for food security because mercury induces dieseases. Here we studied the total mercury content in four species of Pacific salmon (pink, chum, sockeye and chinook), caught in the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea, and the Kuril oceanic waters. Results show that the lowest concentration of mercury was found in the pink salmon, and the highest was 5–6 times higher in sockeye. Hg concentrations exceed several times those in other species of Pacific salmon from the North Pacific 相似文献
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This paper considers the principal elements that underpin policy frameworks for supporting food security in protracted crisis contexts. It argues that maintaining the food entitlements of crisis-affected populations must extend beyond interventions to ensure immediate human survival. A 'policy gap' exists in that capacities for formulating policy responses to tackle the different dimensions of food insecurity in complex, fluid crisis situations tend to be weak. As a result, standardised, short-term intervention designs are created that fall short of meeting the priority needs of affected populations in the short and long term and only partially exploit the range of policy options available. The paper discusses key attributes of agency frameworks that could support more effective policy processes to address longer term as well as immediate food security needs. Additionally, it points to some main challenges likely to be encountered in developing such frameworks and, with the participation of beneficiaries, translating them into effective action. 相似文献
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