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91.
南极作为世界上最后一块“净土”,其丰富的自然资源和内在的科研、美学等价值受到了越来越多国家的关注。在全球变暖与人类活动(科学考察、商业捕捞、旅游等)因素的影响下,南极出现了海冰面积区域性增减,南极生物物种数量波动,环境污染加重等问题。而现有的以“南极条约体系”为基础的管理政策因理念抽象等问题尚不能完全规范人类活动,南极生态环境保护的形势日益严峻。国际社会应通过跨学科间的国际协作,加强科学研究与管理之间的联系,完善南极生态环境管理政策,最大限度减少人类对南极生态环境的破坏。 相似文献
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93.
北极耐冷石油降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其碳源利用广谱性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从北极不同海底沉积物样品中富集、分离得到50株能以石油作为唯一碳源和能源的北极耐冷石油降解菌株,命名为BJ1、BJ2…BJ50,用红外分光光度法测定培养基中剩余油含量,选出降解率较高的菌株BJ1、BJ9和BJ19;通过形态学观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,将BJ1、BJ9和BJ19鉴定为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,P.);以常见石油产品和石油中典型直链烷烃和芳香烃为唯一碳源培养的结果表明,该三株菌能在低温下利用多种碳源。研究结果表明,BJ1、BJ9和BJ19均为海洋耐冷石油降解菌,且对碳源的利用具有广谱性。 相似文献
94.
95.
我国典型土壤上重金属污染对番茄根伸长的抑制毒性效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用盆栽试验观测了我国3种典型土壤——黄泥土、褐土、红壤上不同重金属(铜、锌、铅)作用下敏感植物番茄的根伸长,其中黄泥土和褐土上重金属添加量范围为Cu(0~2000mg·kg-1)、Zn(0~4000mg·kg-1)和Pb(0~5000mg·kg-1),红壤上为Cu(0~400mg·kg-1)、Zn(0~750mg·kg-1)和Pb(0~2000mg·kg-1).对不同土壤上Cu、Zn、Pb对番茄的根伸长抑制率进行了比较,以阐明不同土壤上重金属种类及用量对蔬菜根生长的抑制及毒性效应.结果表明,相同Cu、Zn、Pb污染水平(添加量)下,土壤中重金属对番茄的根伸长抑制率大小顺序基本表现为:红壤>黄泥土>褐土.番茄对红壤中的重金属最敏感,其次是黄泥土,再次是褐土.番茄对不同重金属的毒性响应不同,对Cu最敏感,Zn和Pb次之.土壤中有效态重金属含量与番茄根伸长呈显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)负相关,表明有效态重金属含量是影响蔬菜根伸长的重要因素. 相似文献
96.
Pastorino Paolo Pizzul Elisabetta Bertoli Marco Perilli Selene Brizio Paola Salvi Gianguido Esposito Giuseppe Abete Maria Cesarina Prearo Marino Squadrone Stefania 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(6):5958-5970
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Alpine lakes are extreme ecosystems located in remote areas and populated by few but well-adapted species. Because of their remote location, they are... 相似文献
97.
98.
Ricupito A Del Pozzo G Diano N Grano V Portaccio M Marino M Bolli A Galluzzo P Bontempo P Mita L Altucci L Mita DG 《Environment international》2009,35(1):21-26
Recently, aqueous solutions polluted by BPA have been bioremediated by us using laccase immobilized on hydrophobic membranes in non-isothermal bioreactors. BPA degradation was checked using analytical methods. To assess in vitro the occurred bioremediation, the proliferation and viability indexes of MCF-7 cells incubated in the presence of aqueous solutions of BPA, or of enzyme-treated BPA solutions, have been measured as a function of the initial BPA concentration. The results demonstrated that: i) at each initial BPA concentration used, both the proliferation and viability indexes are a function of the duration of enzyme treatment; ii) proliferation and viability are uncoupled biological processes with respect to BPA enzyme treatment. Non-isothermal bioreactors are a useful tool for the bioremediation of aqueous solutions polluted by BPA, which is an example of an endocrine disruptor that belongs to the alkyl phenol family. 相似文献
99.
Nicole Pacini Antonia Concetta Elia Maria Cesarina Abete Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr Paola Brizio Laura Gasco Marzia Righetti Marino Prearo 《Chemosphere》2013
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selenium on concentrations of metabolites and enzyme activities acting as antioxidant markers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. Sturgeons were fed selenium cysteine for 30 and 60 d at 1.25, 5, 20 mg Se kg−1. Selenium level in the control feed was 0.32 mg kg−1. Se concentration was measured in liver, kidney and muscle of every specimen. Sturgeon accumulated Se in tissues with a clear dose-response relationship and the highest Se concentration was recorded in liver. This outcome is lined up with the findings obtained on the antioxidant markers evaluated in both tissues, and in which a dose-response for several biomarkers was recorded in liver. The superoxide dismutase activity in Se-treated fish was generally induced, while catalase activity was lower in liver or unaltered in kidney. The concentrations of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione responded differently for both tissues and were induced in a different way at both endpoints. No changes of glyoxalase I activity were noted for both Se-treated tissues, while for glyoxalase II enzyme in liver a dose-related pattern was found showing a reversible effect (decreased and increased counteractive response) only in the 5 mg kg−1 group. Moreover, the highest Se concentrations did not cause marked changes in malondialdehyde levels of liver and kidney. The enhancement of glutathione peroxidase activity in Se-treated sturgeon might have prevented the lipid peroxidation in both tissues, providing to the Siberian sturgeon a great defense ability versus the prooxidant effect of selenium. 相似文献
100.
L. Sola S. De Innocentiis E. Gornung S. Papalia A. R. Rossi G. Marino P. De Marco S. Cataudella 《Marine Biology》2000,137(1):47-51
A cytogenetic analysis was carried out on specimens of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) from three localities in the Mediterranean Sea, to deepen knowledge of the chromosome complement of the species
and identify any possible population-specific cytogenetic markers. All specimens had a 2n = 48 acrocentric karyotype with two Ag-, chromomycin A3- and C-positive NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) in the subcentromeric region of the smallest chromosome pair. The constitutive
heterochromatin was distributed centromerically. Except for NORs, neither eu- nor heterochromatin show fluorescence after
fluorochrome staining, i.e. there is no localized increase of AT- or GC-rich DNA. In all populations, the (TTAGGG)
n
telomeric sequences are restricted to the telomeres, and the 18S and the 5S rDNA clusters are located on different chromosome
pairs. In specimens from Sardinia, additional signals after C-banding, Ag-staining and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
with 18S rDNA can be observed in the telomeric region of one or two large-sized chromosomes, classified as No. 2. This suggests
that additional and variable NORs could be detected in the species in addition to those on the genus-specific, NOR-bearing
Chromosome Pair 24.
Received: 20 October 1999 / Accepted: 14 April 2000 相似文献