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71.
Joana Garrido Nogueira Ronaldo Sousa Hassan Benaissa Geert De Knijf Sónia Ferreira Mohamed Ghamizi Duarte V. Gonçalves Richard Lansdown Catherine Numa Vincent Prié Nicoletta Riccardi Mary Seddon Maria Urbańska Alice Valentini Ilya Vikhrev Simone Varandas Amílcar Teixeira Manuel Lopes-Lima 《Conservation biology》2021,35(5):1367-1379
Theidentification of key biodiversity areas (KBA) was initiated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2004 to overcome taxonomic biases in the selection of important areas for conservation, including freshwater ecosystems. Since then, several KBAs have been identified mainly based on the presence of trigger species (i.e., species that trigger either the vulnerability and or the irreplaceability criterion and thus identify a site as a KBA). However, to our knowledge, many of these KBAs have not been validated. Therefore, classical surveys of the taxa used to identify freshwater KBAs (fishes, molluscs, odonates, and aquatic plants) were conducted in Douro (Iberian Peninsula) and Sebou (Morocco) River basins in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. Environmental DNA analyses were undertaken in the Moroccan KBAs. There was a mismatch between the supposed and actual presence of trigger species. None of the trigger species were found in 43% and 50% of all KBAs surveyed in the Douro and Sebou basins, respectively. Shortcomings of freshwater KBA identification relate to flawed or lack of distribution data for trigger species. This situation results from a misleading initial identification of KBAs based on poor (or even inaccurate) ecological information or due to increased human disturbance between initial KBA identification and the present. To improve identification of future freshwater KBAs, we suggest selecting trigger species with a more conservative approach; use of local expert knowledge and digital data (to assess habitat quality, species distribution, and potential threats); consideration of the subcatchment when delineating KBAs boundaries; thoughtful consideration of terrestrial special areas for conservation limits; and periodic field validation. 相似文献
72.
Multivariate analysis of fatty acids (FA) profiles proved to be a useful tool for demonstrating feeding preferences of Arctic invertebrates belonging to several taxonomic groups collected during summer and winter seasons in the Spitsbergen fjords (Arctic). Within phytodetrivorous taxa, the enhanced proportions of 16:1n-7, C16 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 20:5n-3 in crustaceans clearly reflected selective ingestion of diatoms, while high amounts of 22:6n-3 and C18 FAs found in molluscs indicated flagellate-based nutrition. High levels of C20 PUFA and 16:1n-7 together with the typical bacterial FAs were found in winter specimens of deposit-feeding polychaetes showing their reliance on highly reworked organic matter during this season. Our results suggest that 18:1n-9 may not be a reliable marker of carnivory feeding within benthic taxa. Lipid signatures of omnivores and carnivores/detrivores usually originated from a variety of dietary sources, of which few possess highly characteristic FA features. Still, elevated levels of Calanus markers (20:1 and 22:1 moieties) characterized species linked to the pelagic food chains, while 20:4n-6 proved to be a useful indicator of foraminiferan consumption. We highlight the need for a multimethod approach, since complexity of benthic food webs along with general lack of unambiguous FA trophic markers prevents tracking of trophic relationships with use of FA analysis alone. Based on their FA composition, we showed that benthic species represent a source of essential PUFA and could play a fundamental role in the Arctic food webs transferring energy derived from variable pelagic and benthic resources to upper trophic levels. 相似文献
73.
Catecholamines and their metabolites affect children's nervous system. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain. In the routine analysis for diagnostics of diseases, the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) is determined. Mercury is a neurotoxic agent and can cause different undesirable effects on the brain. In the present work a putative correlation between HVA, the main metabolite of dopamine, and mercury in urine of healthy and autistic children was studied. The level of HVA was higher in the urine of autistic children (14.5 ± 8.3 mg L?1) compared to generally healthy children (4.4 ± 0.5 mg L?1). The level of mercury in the urine of autistic children was lower (0.36 ± 0.24 µg L?1) than in the urine of healthy children (2.1 ± 1.0 µg L?1) showing that there is no correlation between HVA and mercury. 相似文献
74.
Dariusz Dobrzyński Anna Boguszewska-Czubara Kenji Sugimori 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(4):1355-1375
Germanium is considered to be a non-essential element; however, little is still known about its significance for living organisms. It exerts prophylactic and therapeutic effects in the treatment of serious diseases such as cancer, HIV infection, and others. Germanium does not exhibit acute toxicity, but, as it tends to accumulate in various organs and tissues, undesirable and even dangerous side effects have been reported after prolonged and/or high dosage application. In general, inorganic compounds of germanium are more toxic than its organic compounds. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism of germanium action, to determine the safe and effective dose of germanium via curative/mineral waters, and to understand the applications and benefits of using germanium-enriched waters in balneotherapy. The geochemistry of curative (cold CO2-rich, thermal) waters from spas in the Sudetes (Poland) was clarified in terms of components and mineral phases which might govern germanium. Germanium and silicon in thermal (above 20 °C) waters presumably result from the solubility of silicates in crystalline (granites, gneisses) aquifer rocks and might be controlled by neo-formed quartz. The cold CO2-rich waters revealed a significant diversity of aqueous chemistry and relationships of germanium with iron, silicon, or arsenic. Locally, both in sedimentary (sandstones) and metamorphic (gneisses) aquifer rocks, primary (silicates) and/or secondary (oxides) iron-containing minerals likely release germanium into solution. In the CO2-rich waters of the western part of the K?odzko Region, germanium distinctly correlates with arsenic. It is hypothesized that both elements are co-sourced from crystalline basement and/or migration of substances of post-magmatic origin along deep-seated dislocations related to the seismically active Po?í?í-Hronov fault zone. This area was proposed as the most prospective one for finding waters rich in germanium in the Sudetes. 相似文献
75.
This paper presents the results of research investigating the impact of flooding on the temporal aspect of transport accessibility at national, regional and local levels in the Mazovia Province – an administrative region in Poland. For the purposes of this study the authors measured the theoretical journey times by private transport between settlement units for two variants: journeys made under normal circumstances, that is, without a flood; and journeys made during a flood event, which would necessitate diversions to avoid flooded road sections. This allowed the theoretical journey time differences to be calculated. It was assumed that vehicles move at the highest permissible speed along routes allowing the shortest travel times. The methods of accessibility assessment employed in this paper are based on distance measurements and use isochrones and a cumulative approach. Analysis carried out by the authors has shown that for interregional, intraregional and local journeys, the flooding of a part of the Mazovia region results in changes in travel times, but their absolute and relative magnitudes vary widely. It was found that in the case of national scale journeys the majority of relative journey time increases were no greater than three times the normal duration, while on a local scale they do not exceed 75%. For areas with a high risk of flooding there should be obligatory analyses of changes in transport accessibility; this would facilitate effective flood risk management. Appropriate traffic management in crisis situations would facilitate emergency and rescue services and help inhabitants and any other persons in flooded areas. 相似文献
76.
Krzysztof Baszczyński 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):307-318
Retractable type fall arresters are part of the equipment used for protecting people against falls from a height. They are an intermediate part between full body harness worn by a man and the structural anchor at the worksite. The most important task of retractable type fall arresters is to arrest people’s falls and to reduce their harmful consequences. Information received from users as well as laboratories testing protective equipment indicates that the performance of such equipment is incorrect under specific conditions. The paper is concerned with an analysis of the conditions in which retractable type fall arresters demonstrate intermittent performance and with an explanation of that phenomenon. The results of tests investigating anchor devices and the performance of retractable type fall arresters are presented. External and internal factors contributing to intermittent performance have been determined and guidelines for safer use of these devices have been developed. 相似文献
77.
The paper presents a driver model, which can be used in a computer simulation of a curved ride of a car. The identification of the driver parameters consisted in a comparison of the results of computer calculations obtained for the driver-vehicle-environment model with different driver data sets with test results of the double lane-change manoeuvre (Standard No. ISO/TR 3888:1975, International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1975) and the wind gust manoeuvre. The optimisation method allows to choose for each real driver a set of driver model parameters for which the differences between test and calculation results are smallest. The presented driver model can be used in investigating the driver-vehicle control system, which allows to adapt the car construction to the psychophysical characteristics of a driver. 相似文献
78.
Leon Gradoń Dariusz Orlicki Albert Podgórski 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):189-207
The particle number concentration in ambient air is dominated by nanometersized particles. Recent epidemiological studies report an association between the presence of nanoparticles in inhaled air at the workplace and acute morbidity and even mortality in the elderly. A theoretical model of deposition of 20 nm particles in the human alveolus was formulated. Gas flow structure and deposition rate were calculated for alveoli with different elastic properties of lung tissue. Data obtained in the paper show increased convective effects and diffusional rate of deposition of nanoparticles for alveoli with higher stiffness of the alveolar wall. The retention of deposited particles is also higher in these pathological alveoli. Results of our calculations indicate a possibility of existence of a positive loop of coupling in deposition and retention of nanoparticles in the lung with pathological changes. 相似文献
79.
Roman Cieślak Maria Widerszal-Bazyl Aleksandra Łuszczyńska-Cieślak 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):257-292
The study concerns the moderating role of two variables—hardiness and social support—in the relation between job stressors and well-being. It was checked if there is a connection between hardiness and social support, and if these variables are directly related to the level of well-being. It was also hypothesized that hardiness and social support buffer the negative influence of stressors on well-being. The fact that social support and well-being are multidimensional variables was taken into account.The cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 200 women employed as office workers. The results showed that hardiness correlates with the indexes of emotional support as well as practical support coming from supervisors. The connection, however, was not strong. Hardiness and social support were directly connected with the level of well-being. Interaction of these two independent variables played a marginal role. As far as the buffering role of these variables was concerned, the results have shown that hardiness did not play a buffering role and social support did to a limited degree only.The results of the study proved that it is justifiable to treat social support and well-being as multidimensional variables. 相似文献
80.
Izabella Krucińska Sławomir Zakrzewski Irena Kowalczyk Jadwiga Wiśniewska-Konecka 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3-4):141-149
Five variants of mixtures of different synthetic fibres at different area ratios were manufactured into needled nonwovens intended to be used as a filtering material for respiratory protection. Two variants were produced according to an earlier patent, and the contents of the other three was completely new. Samples of the nonwovens were tested for sodium chloride particles penetration and for breathing resistance. The results showed that one variant of a nonwoven, designated PP/PPFM, had very valuable filtering properties and that those properties were stable in time. 相似文献