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951.
M. Ausejo M. Recuero C. Asensio I. Pavón J. M. López 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(2):125-135
This article aims to discuss the influence of input data on the simulation model when designing Strategic Noise Maps. The
studied noise map was made in the Macrocenter of the Independent City of Buenos Aires (Argentina), which has an approximated
extension of 20 km2 and about 500,000 inhabitants. The several input data for the model are analyzed, for their quality and the lack of some
of them could affect the final result. Also, the evolution and validity of experimental measurements are analyzed when validating
a simulated map. Finally, a study of the uncertainty of the map based on the input data is made, comparing it with the recommendations
internationally adopted. 相似文献
952.
de-la-Ossa-Carretero JA Del-Pilar-Ruso Y Giménez-Casalduero F Sánchez-Lizaso JL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2133-2149
Physicochemical characteristics of sediment and benthic communities were studied in the proximity of seven sewage outfalls
with differences in flow and wastewater treatment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Redox potential was the only abiotic parameter
which showed a pattern related with distance to outfalls, whereas granulometry, percentage of organic matter, metal concentrations
or pH did not show changes related with outfall presence. Benthic community analysis proved to be the most suitable monitoring
tool. The results showed that the highest impacted stations corresponded with those closest to outfall with the highest flow
and only pre-treatment, whilst a decrease of this tendency was detected in the locations where secondary treatment takes place.
Meta-analysis showed a decrease of amphipods and tanaids abundance as well as redox potential, as the indicators with the
clearest response to sewage presence. 相似文献
953.
Romo S Fernández F Ouahid Y Barón-Sola Á 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):939-949
Cyanobacteria dominance and cyanotoxin production can become major threats to humans and aquatic life, especially in warm
shallow lakes, which are often dominated by cyanobacteria. This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of microcystins
(MCYST) in water, cell-bound and in the tissues of the commercial mugilid Liza sp. in the largest, coastal, Spanish Mediterranean lake (Albufera of Valencia). This is the first report concerning microcystin
accumulation in tissues of mugilid fish species. Considerable amounts of microcystins were found in the water and seston,
which correlated with development of Microcystis aeruginosa populations in the lake. The MCYST concentrations found in Lake Albufera (mean 1.7 and 17 μg/L and maximum 16 and 120 μg/L
in water and seston, respectively) exceeded by one to two orders of magnitude the guideline levels proposed by the World Health
Organization and were higher than that reported in other lakes of the Mediterranean zone. The presence of MCYST was found
in all the fishes studied and accumulated differently among tissues of the commercial species Liza sp. Toxin accumulation in fish tissues showed that although the target organ for MCYST was the liver, high concentrations
of microcystins were also found in other analysed tissues (liver>intestine>gills>muscle). Human tolerable daily intake for
microcystins is assessed relative to the WHO guidelines, and potential toxicological risks for humans, wildlife and related
ecosystems of the lake are discussed. 相似文献
954.
Montes AM González-Farias FA Botello AV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1359-1369
The lagoon system of Navachiste-Macapule is located in northern Mexico, in the state of Sinaloa, with an area of 24,000 ha.
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture, and the lagoon lies next to the irrigation district ID-063 which covers
116,615 ha. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of pollution generated by organochlorine pesticides (OC) in
the surface sediments of the lagoon and in the agricultural drains of the ID-063 that are supposedly transported into the
system as a result of agricultural activities and runoff from adjacent land. For this, between 2006 and 2007, 45 surface sediment
samples were collected (warm dry, rainy and cold dry) from 15 sampling sites, during the three climatic seasons. Of these,
eight were located inside the lagoon in marine conditions (salinity >31 PSU) and seven in the agricultural drains of the ID-063
in freshwater conditions (salinity <5 PSU). The average concentration of the OC in the sediments was 44.75 ng g − 1, among which the group of the alicyclic compounds presented the greatest concentrations. The average value of the total organic
carbon (TOC) in the sediments of the system was 0.90%. The sediments collected inside the lagoon had an average OC concentration
of 18.97 ng g − 1, and the predominant type of sediment was fine to very fine sand. The average OC concentration in the sediments collected
in the agricultural drains was 75.69 ng g − 1, where fine sediments (silt) were predominant. The presence of methoxychlor, endrin and heptachlor suggested that these compounds
were continuously used in the system, even though their use is forbidden in Mexico. 相似文献
955.
de Figueiredo DR Ferreira RV Cerqueira M de Melo TC Pereira MJ Castro BB Correia A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):471-485
The information on bacterial community composition (BCC) in Portuguese water bodies is very scarce. Cértima River (central
western Portugal) is known to have high levels of pollution, namely organic. In the present work, the BCC from a set of 16
water samples collected from Cértima River Basin and its main tributaries was characterized using 16S rDNA–denaturing gradient
gel electrophoresis, a culture-independent molecular approach. Molecular data were related to environmental parameters through
multivariate analysis to investigate potential impact of water pollution along the river. Principal component analysis using
environmental data showed a water quality gradient from more pristine waters (at the mountain tributaries) to waters with
increasingly eutrophic potential (such as Fermentelos Lake). This gradient was mainly defined by factors such as organic and
inorganic nutrient sources, electrical conductivity, hydrogen carbonate concentration, and pH. Molecular results showed variations
in BCC along Cértima River Basin but in the main river section, a Bacteroidetes phylotype (Flavobacterium sp.) proved to be dominant throughout the river course. Multivariate analysis suggests that spatial variation of BCC along
the Cértima River Basin depended mainly on parameters such as Chl a, total suspended solid (TSS), total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and HCO
_boxclose^-_{3}^{-} levels. Bacteroidetes phylotypes were all related to higher electrical conductivity and HCO3-_{3}^{-} levels although some of these were also correlated with high SO42-_{4}^{2-} and others with high soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, TN, and Kjeld-N levels. The Gammaproteobacteria occurrence was correlated with high SO42-_{4}^{2-} levels. One of the Betaproteobacteria phylotypes showed to correlate with low redox potential (Eh) and high temperature, pH, TSS, and Chl a levels while another one showed a negative correlation with Chl a values. 相似文献
956.
Brázová T Hanzelová V Miklisová D Salgovičová D Turčeková L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6553-6561
The distribution and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in fish species (European perch Perca fluviatilis, northern pike Esox lucius, pike perch Sander lucioperca, wels catfish Silirus glanus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, European eel Anguilla anguilla, freshwater bream Abramis brama, goldfish Carassius auratus, and roach Rutilus rutilus) in a heavily polluted water reservoir Zemplínska ?írava (Slovakia). The study performed at two different time points 5?years apart (2004 and 2009) revealed serious PCB contamination of fish muscle tissue and significant interspecies as well as tissue-specific differences in PCB uptake by fish. Total PCBs broadly correlated with the trophic position of individual fish species within a food chain (P?0.01). The concentrations were particularly high in predatory fish species, perch, pike, and pike perch (108.0, 90.1, and 113.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt, respectively), but comparable PCB values were also found in non-predatory detrivorous freshwater bream (128.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). The lowest PCB values were surprisingly assessed in European eel (17.1?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). Tissue analysis showed the highest storage capacity of the liver (hepatopancreas in cyprinids) with maximum concentrations recorded found in northern pike (214.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt) and freshwater bream (163.0?mg?kg(-1) lipid wt). Negative correlations, mostly not significant, between the total PCB concentrations and fish weight were observed (P?>?0.05). The study has shown that the kind of fish, its feeding habit, and specific conditions of the habitat are mutually interrelated factors that are responsible for significant variations in fish body burdens. A tendency to PCB biomagnification was also proved in some fish species of this water reservoir. 相似文献
957.
Santacatalina M Yubero E Mantilla E Carratalá A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6827-6844
This paper shows the changes in PM(10) levels and chemical composition in a region in southeast Spain between two periods: September 2005-August 2006 and June 2008-May 2009. PM(10) levels in this arid region, with a great number of cement, ceramic and related industries, have decreased in the second period in concordance with the reduction of industrial production due to the economic crisis and the closure of a cement plant. Annual average levels of PM(10) decreased from 41?μg?m(-3) in 2005 to 30?μg?m(-3) in 2008 (27%) and to 23?μg?m(-3) in 2009 (23%). The relative contribution of the different sources has not changed in the area in the latter period and the elements with mineral origin are the main components of the PM(10) composition. There is a reduction in the concentration of the components that have soil-related industries and crustal material resuspension as their main sources, mainly in the case of CO(3) (2-), Ca, Sr, Tl and Pb, but the seasonal patterns were the same in both periods. As a particular case, there is an uncoupling between the seasonal evolution of SO(2) and sulphates in the two study periods, which remarks the existence of a sulphate regional background that does not depend on SO(2) local emissions. The decrease of V, Ni and Tl levels reflects the reduction of the industrial activity during the crisis period, affecting mainly the ceramic sector characterised by a great decrease of Tl levels. 相似文献
958.
In 1998, the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers underwent an enormous environmental disaster caused by the rupture of the Aznalcóllar
tailings dam and the release of 6 hm3 of pyrite sludge and acidic water. Both rivers run over recent alluvial materials which form a small-sized aquifer which
is however important because underground water feeds the flow of the rivers. This work analyzes the state of groundwater 10 years
after the spill. Before the dam failure, this aquifer was already contaminated in the zone nearest to the mine, to which the
impact of the spill was added. Contamination levels in the alluvial aquifer of the Agrio River have decreased remarkably.
However, they are still important, with acidic pH values and high concentrations of toxic elements (maximum values of 16 mg/L
of Zn and 15 mg/L of Al). There are also important levels of contamination in the Guadiamar alluvial area closest to the mine,
as well as in specific zones located further south. The concentration of toxic elements is mainly controlled by pH. The evolution
of contaminant levels show a sharp decrease after the first years following the spill, followed by a subsequent stabilization.
It is necessary to take measures for the recovery of the aquifer because, otherwise, groundwater will continue contributing
contaminants into the Agrio and Guadiamar rivers. 相似文献
959.
Caetano M Bernárdez P Santos-Echeandia J Prego R Vale C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6541-6552
Short-sediment cores and flooding water were collected at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 50?min of tidal inundation in the two sites colonised by pure stands of Spartina maritima (low marsh) and Sarcocornia fruticosa (high marsh) from the Rosário salt marsh (Tagus estuary, SW Europe). Concentrations of NH (4) (+) , NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) and HPO (4) (2-) , Fe and Mn were measured in tidal flooding water and pore water. Flooding water is enriched in nutrients, particularly ammonium due to local discharge of untreated urban effluents. Nevertheless, NH (4) (+) and NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) concentrations in flooding waters at t?=?5?min (NH (4) (+) =?246?±?7?μM, NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) =?138?±?1?μM for S. fruticosa and NH (4) (+) =?256?±?8?μM, NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) =?138?±?1?μM for S. maritima) rose sharply at both vegetated sites. An increase was also registered for HPO (4) (2-) and total dissolved Fe although the subsequent decrease was smoother. Advective transport induced by the two daily pulses of inundation is several orders of magnitude higher than the diffusive fluxes during submerged periods. In addition, solutes are exported from the sediment with the inundation and imported in submerged periods. The exported amount of inorganic nitrogen during tidal inundation (export of 3,200?μmol?N?m(-2)?day(-1)to the water column), is not counterbalanced by the sink of -290?μmol?N?m(-2)?day(-1) occurred during the submerged period. 相似文献
960.
Michaela Zeiner Iva Juranović Cindrić Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić Gordana Medunić Štefica Kampić Nenad Tomašić Gerhard Stingeder 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):223-229
Concentrations of Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn—isolated by sequential extraction steps from apple orchard soil—were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and compared to the total amount of metal in soil determined by XRF. The extractable amount of each metal was calculated by the extraction yields of the four steps. The LODs of the different elements in all extracts ware below 3 μg/L except for Ba (steps 1 and 2), Cu (step 1), Fe (all steps), K (steps 1–3), Mn (step 2), Na (steps 1–3), Ni (step 1), Pb (steps 1 and 4), and Zn (steps 1 and 2). The highest LOD (>10 μg/L) was found for Fe, K, and Na (step 1). The recovery of all metals after four sequential extraction steps was 90–112%. The repeatability (<1.1%), the intermediate precision (<5.3%), the day-to-day reproducibility (<6.2%), and the overall uncertainty of measurement (approximately 4–8.5%) for all analyzed metals supports the choice of the method used. 相似文献