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91.
Die Modellierung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens von Stoffen unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften in der Umwelt stellt eine Herausforderung
dar, da die zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Transport-, chemischen Reaktions- und biologischen An- oder Abreicherungsprozesse
zeitlich variabel in r?umlich heterogen strukturierten Umweltsystemen wirken. Durch geschickt gew?hlte Vereinfachungen, Abgrenzungen
und Mittelungen sind bemerkenswerte Erfolge bis hin zur bedingt-prognostischen Simulation ausgew?hlter Stoffe und Stoffgruppen
erzielt worden. Forschungsbedarf besteht vor allem in der Modellierung der kleinr?umigen, medienübergreifenden Ausbreitung
von Stoffen in komplexen ?kosystemaren Zusammenh?ngen, einschlie?lich der Austausch- und Transfervorg?nge und der chemisch-biologischen
Transformationen.
Bericht vom 32. Tutzing-Symposium der DECHEMA e.V., 7. bis 10. M?rz 1994 相似文献
92.
Markus??stEmail author Ron?Ydenberg Kai?Lindstr?m Mikael?Kilpi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(5):451-457
Both theoretical and empirical work has shown that group size increases with increasing ecological constraints on solitary breeding. Ecological constraints refer to extrinsic factors such as availability of breeding sites, food or mates. Common eider (Somateria mollissima) females pool their broods and share brood-rearing duties, or rear broods alone. Females are often in poor condition at hatching, as incubation is accomplished without feeding, and variation in body condition is largely environmentally induced and thus unpredictable. We found that the intensity of and duration of parental care that females provide is positively correlated with their body condition at hatching. This suggests that body condition is an ecological constraint on successful solitary breeding. We further observed that group productivity in common eider broods is a decelerating function of the number of tending females. As predicted, females in poorer condition (i.e., facing stronger ecological constraints) were found in larger groups. This result is straightforward if solitary tenders can enter any group at no cost. However, if entry is group-controlled, stable groups of non-relatives are predicted not to occur when per capita reproduction declines with group size. The N-person staying incentive model permits groups to form under these conditions, because reproduction is unevenly divided between dominants and subordinates in the group. We discuss the plausibility of these alternative models of group size for understanding the grouping behavior of brood-caring female common eiders.Communicated by M. Webster 相似文献
93.
The USEPA has proposed to regulate PM(coarse) (particulate matter 2.5 to 10 microm in diameter). Exceedance of the proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM(coarse) is expected within the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest United States based on the high frequency of dust storms and the large contribution of crustal material to fugitive dust in the region. The objective of this study was to explore the implication of the proposed NAAQS for PM(coarse) on air quality. Concurrent observations of both PM10 (particulate matter =10 microm in diameter) and PM(fine) (particulate matter =2.5 microm in diameter) were made at Kennewick, WA from 1999 through 2005. Daily PM(coarse) concentration was determined as the difference between PM10 and PM(fine) concentrations. The number of exceedances of the proposed USEPA NAAQS for PM(coarse) was determined for various levels of the standard (the proposed daily level is 70 microg m(-3)). Over the 7 yr of this study, the PM10 standard was exceeded on 16 d with PM(fine) constituting 4 to 7% of PM10. The proposed PM(coarse) standard would have been exceeded on 35 d and represents a 120% increase in the number of exceedances over the current PM10 standard. Changing the level of the proposed PM(coarse) standard to that of the current PM10 standard (150 microg m(-3)) would result in a 20% decrease in the number of exceedances of the PM standard. The results of this study suggest that the proposed NAAQS for PM(fine) and PM(coarse) will be exceeded more frequently than the current PM(fine) and PM10 standard in a region subject to seasonal dust storms. 相似文献
94.
Clément Feger Laurent Mermet Bhaskar Vira Prue F.E. Addison Richard Barker Frank Birkin John Burns Stuart Cooper Denis Couvet Thomas Cuckston Gretchen C. Daily Colin Dey Louise Gallagher Rosemary Hails Stephen Jollands Georgina Mace Emily Mckenzie Markus Milne Paolo Quattrone Alexandre Rambaud Shona Russell Marta Santamaria William J. Sutherland 《Conservation biology》2019,33(4):972-975
Article impact statement: New collaborations with accounting research can improve conservation impact of ecosystem-based information systems. 相似文献
95.
Mikołaj Kokociński Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek Tomasz Jurczak Lisa Spoof Jussi Meriluoto Edyta Rejmonczyk Henna Hautala Markus Vehniäinen Jakub Pawełczyk Janne Soininen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5243-5264
The cyanobacterial cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has become increasingly common in fresh waters worldwide. It was originally isolated from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Australia; however, in European waters, its occurrence is associated with other cyanobacterial species belonging to the genera Aphanizomenon and Anabaena. Moreover, cylindrospermopsin-producing strains of widely distributed C. raciborskii have not yet been observed in European waters. The aims of this work were to assess the occurrence of CYN in lakes of western Poland and to identify the CYN producers. The ELISA tests, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD, and HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS were conducted to assess the occurrence of CYN in 36 lakes. The cyrJ, cyrA, and pks genes were amplified to identify toxigenic genotypes of cyanobacteria that are capable of producing CYN. The toxicity and toxigenicity of the C. raciborskii and Aphanizomenon gracile strains isolated from the studied lakes were examined. Overall, CYN was detected in 13 lakes using HPLC-MS/MS, and its concentrations varied from trace levels to 3.0 μg?L?1. CYN was widely observed in lakes of western Poland during the whole summer under different environmental conditions. Mineral forms of nutrients and temperature were related to CYN production. The molecular studies confirmed the presence of toxigenic cyanobacterial populations in all of the samples where CYN was detected. The toxicity and toxigenicity analyses of isolated cyanobacteria strains revealed that A. gracile was the major producer of CYN. 相似文献
96.
Markus Stumm Michael Entezami Karsten Haug Cornelia Blank Max Wüstemann Bernt Schulze Gisela Raabe-Meyer Maja Hempel Markus Schelling Eva Ostermayer Sabine Langer-Freitag Tilo Burkhardt Roland Zimmermann Tina Schleicher Bernd Weil Ulrike Schöck Patricia Smerdka Sebastian Grömminger Yadhu Kumar Wera Hofmann 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(2):185-191
97.
The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) demonstrated the ability to design and launch a large-scale trading system in a short period of time. The path from initial reticence about emissions trading to implementation of the world's largest program is an important history. Three issues play a large role in the evaluation of the program to date and its on-going development: allocation plans, cost uncertainty, and leakage of emissions to abroad. Decisions in Phase I and II (2005-2012) were responsive to questions of political feasibility and implementation, but some of these decisions including allocation in particular will be substantially revised in Phase III (2013-2020). 相似文献
98.
The variability of mercury (Hg) levels in Swedish freshwater fish during almost 50 years was assessed based on a compilation of 44 927 observations from 2881 waters. To obtain comparable values, individual Hg concentrations of fish from any species and of any size were normalized to correspond to a standard 1-kg pike [median: 0.69 mg kg?1 wet weight (ww), mean ± SD: 0.84 ± 0.67 mg kg?1 ww]. The EU Environmental Quality Standard of 0.02 mg kg?1 was exceeded in all waters, while the guideline set by FAO/WHO for Hg levels in fish used for human consumption (0.5–1.0 mg kg?1) was exceeded in 52.5 % of Swedish waters after 2000. Different trend analysis approaches indicated an overall long-term decline of at least 20 % during 1965–2012 but trends did not follow any consistent regional pattern. During the latest decade (2003–2012), however, a spatial gradient has emerged with decreasing trends predominating in southwestern Sweden. 相似文献
99.
100.
Sarah E. Crawford Catrina Brüll nee Cofalla Benedikt Aumeier Markus Brinkmann Elisa Classen Verena Esser Caroline Ganal Elena Kaip Roger Häussling Frank Lehmkuhl Peter Letmathe Anne-Katrin Müller Ilja Rabinovitch Klaus Reicherter Jan Schwarzbauer Marco Schmitt Georg Stauch Matthias Wessling Süleyman Yüce Markus Hecker Karen A. Kidd Rolf Altenburger Werner Brack Holger Schüttrumpf Henner Hollert 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2017,29(1):23
Protecting our water resources in terms of quality and quantity is considered one of the big challenges of the twenty-first century, which requires global and multidisciplinary solutions. A specific threat to water resources, in particular, is the increased occurrence and frequency of flood events due to climate change which has significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In addition to climate change, flooding (or subsequent erosion and run-off) may be exacerbated by, or result from, land use activities, obstruction of waterways, or urbanization of floodplains, as well as mining and other anthropogenic activities that alter natural flow regimes. Climate change and other anthropogenic induced flood events threaten the quantity of water as well as the quality of ecosystems and associated aquatic life. The quality of water can be significantly reduced through the unintentional distribution of pollutants, damage of infrastructure, and distribution of sediments and suspended materials during flood events. To understand and predict how flood events and associated distribution of pollutants may impact ecosystem and human health, as well as infrastructure, large-scale interdisciplinary collaborative efforts are required, which involve ecotoxicologists, hydrologists, chemists, geoscientists, water engineers, and socioeconomists. The research network “project house water” consists of a number of experts from a wide range of disciplines and was established to improve our current understanding of flood events and associated societal and environmental impacts. The concept of project house and similar seed fund and boost fund projects was established by the RWTH Aachen University within the framework of the German excellence initiative with support of the German research foundation (DFG) to promote and fund interdisciplinary research projects and provide a platform for scientists to collaborate on innovative, challenging research. Project house water consists of six proof-of-concept studies in very diverse and interdisciplinary areas of research (ecotoxicology, water, and chemical process engineering, geography, sociology, economy). The goal is to promote and foster high-quality research in the areas of water research and flood-risk assessments that combine and build off-laboratory experiments with modeling, monitoring, and surveys, as well as the use of applied methods and techniques across a variety of disciplines. 相似文献