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561.
Distribution of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools and their correlation in soils from two acid deposition small catchments in Hunan, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Distribution of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools was investigated in five forest soil profiles (consisting of four horizons) in each of two Hunan catchments (BLT and LKS) where acid deposition has been considered critical. Al- and Fe-pools were higher in BLT than those in LKS, but Mn-pools much lower in BLT. Mn-pools vary from topsoils to bottom soils, but there are different trends for different Mn speciation. Al- and Fe-pools, except amorphous Feox, were positively correlated to contents of soil organic matter (OM) showed by the loss on ignition in the two catchments. Accumulation of Al- and Fe-pools may occur in the area where soil organic matter was enriched (e.g. in top soil and rhizosphere soil). However, no direct correlation is observed between Mn and OM. Acidic atmospheric deposition may affect transforming among speciations of Al-, Fe- and Mn-pools and leaching of soil Al, Fe and Mn through formation of soluble organo-metal dissolved Al which was potentially toxic, increased. There were significant correlations between Al-pools complexes or change of oxidation–reduction conditions. Mnex (exchangeable Mn) and Mnox (amorphous and organic Mn) were highly linearly correlation with soil pH values at LKS but at BLT. Under acid deposition, the availability of the nutrient Fe increased with the amount of dissolved Al, which was potentially toxic, in the two catchments. There are no significant correlations between Alex (exchangeable Al) and Mnex, Feex (exchangeable Fe) and Mnex in this work, indicating potentially toxic Mn increase seldom accompanying with Al increase in the two catchments. 相似文献
562.
Hippelein M 《Chemosphere》2006,65(2):271-277
A multi-storey building with great diversity of room use was monitored after extensive renovation to remove mould growth secondary to a leaky roof. Tests for volatile organic compounds (VOC) with activated charcoal showed a successfully renovation. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) for detection of selected very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) revealed indoor air concentrations ranging from 550 to 4,600 microg m(-3). The SPME technique also successfully detected emissions from working and building materials and documented the results of remedial measures in offices. The prior and current use of acetone, methyl acetate and 2-methylpentane within the building resulted in their elevated concentrations in other building floors. 相似文献
563.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of the Moscow region: concentrations and small-scale distribution along an urban-rural transect 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wilcke W Krauss M Safronov G Fokin AD Kaupenjohann M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(2):327-335
In soils of the Moscow region, we examined PCB concentrations in bulk samples and aggregate fractions. Topsoils under grassland and forest at five locations along a southeast-bound transect from Moscow and at a northeastern background location (grassland only) were analysed. We collected aggregates >1 cm and fractionated them into interior and exterior portions and also analysed the remaining soil without the aggregates >1 cm. The concentrations of the sum of 17 PCBs (sigma17PCBs) in 35 bulk soil samples ranged from 3.1 to 42 microg kg(-1). This was 48-61% of the sigma33PCBs determined in 23 selected samples. The congeners 138(+158), 101 and 52 were most abundant. All PCB concentrations and the degree of chlorination declined with increasing distance from Moscow. The PCBs were accumulated in the aggregate exterior (on average 146% of the sigma17PCBs in bulk soil). We conclude that the ecotoxicological risk of PCBs in soils may not be properly assessed with the conventional bulk soil analysis. 相似文献
564.
Seidel B Alm M Peters R Kördel W Schäffer A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):125-130
Background Due to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), specified risk material (SRM) as well as animal meat and bone meal (MBM)
are banned from the food and feed chain because of a possible infection with pathogenic prions (PrPSc). Nowadays, prions are
widely accepted to be responsible for TSE(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)-caused illnesses like BSE and scrapie,
and especially for the occurrence of the new variant of CJD in humans. Presently, SRM and MBM are burnt under high temperatures
to avoid any hazards for humans, animals or the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate a method using animal fat
separated from Category I material which includes SRM and the carcasses of TSE-infected animals, or animals suspected of being
infected with TSE, as a source for producing biodiesel by transesterification, analogous to the biodiesel process using vegetable
oil.
Methods For this purpose, animal fat was spiked with scrapie-infected hamster brain equivalents – as representative for a TSE-infected
animal – and the biodiesel manufacturing process was downscaled and performed under lab-scale conditions.
Results and Discussion The results analysed by Western blotting showed clearly that almost each single step of the process leads to a significant
reduction of the concentration of the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in the main and side-products.
Conclusion The data revealed that the biodiesel production, even from material with a high concentration of pathogenic prions, can be
considered as safe.
Recommendations and Outlook The obtained results indicated that biodiesel produced from prion-contaminated fat was safe under the tested process conditions.
However, it has to be pointed out that the results cannot be generalized because a different process control using other conditions
may lead to different results and then has to be analysed independently. It is clear that the production of biodiesel from
high risk material represents a more economic usage than the combustion of such material. 相似文献
565.
Macleod C Duarte-Davidson R Fisher B Ng B Willey D Shi JP Martin I Drew G Pollard S 《Environment international》2006,32(4):500-509
Human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from 6 landfills were modeled and assessed. Following a qualitative risk characterisation, direct and indirect exposures were quantified. Site-specific air dispersion modeling was conducted for PM(10), PCDDs/PCDFs, Pb, Cd, As and Cr(VI) concentrations at the closest residential points of exposure for 4 landfill sites accepting, in total, 75% w/w of the APC residues disposed of in 2000-2001 (UK). Inhalation risks, assessed by reference to air quality standards at residential exposure points, were assessed as insignificant. Preliminary modeling suggested that indirect exposures from PCDDs/PCDFs at the 95th percentile level for the site where APC deposition rates were highest could potentially exceed the tolerable daily soil intake (TDSI) but this warrants further study given the model limitations. These results offer an initial screen of the significance of potential risks from APC disposal, which is of value in addressing concerns about the uncertainty of potential risks to human health from bulk APC disposal at strategic locations. 相似文献
566.
Walker David I. Cross Lisa J. Stapleton Tina A. Jenkins Connaire L. Lees David N. Lowther James A. 《Food and environmental virology》2019,11(3):229-237
Food and Environmental Virology - Human noroviruses are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. In the absence of a practical culture technique for routine analysis of infectious noroviruses,... 相似文献
567.
568.
Resilience of stocking capacity to changing climate in arid to Mediterranean landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martin Köchy Martin Mathaj Florian Jeltsch Dan Malkinson 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(2):73-87
Small livestock is an important resource for rural human populations in dry climates. How strongly will climate change affect the capacity of the rangeland? We used hierarchical modelling to scale quantitatively the growth of shrubs and annual plants, the main food of sheep and goats, to the landscape extent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Without grazing, productivity increased in a sigmoid way with mean annual precipitation. Grazing reduced productivity more strongly the drier the landscape. At a point just under the stocking capacity of the vegetation, productivity declined precipitously with more intense grazing due to a lack of seed production of annuals. We repeated simulations with precipitation patterns projected by two contrasting IPCC scenarios. Compared to results based on historic patterns, productivity and stocking capacity did not differ in most cases. Thus, grazing intensity remains the stronger impact on landscape productivity in this dry region even in the future. 相似文献
569.
Eliza Kluckow Jane Halliday Alice Poulton Anthea Lindquist Briohny Hutchinson Michael Bethune Leonard Bonacquisto Fabricio Da Silva Costa Lucy Gugasyan James Harraway Amanda Howden Abhijit Kulkarni Nicole Martin Richard McCoy Melody Menezes Debbie Nisbet Ricardo Palma-Dias Mark D. Pertile Zeffie Poulakis Lisa Hui 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(13):1254-1261
570.
Kanaji Masakorala Jun Yao Radhika Chandankere Haijun Liu Wenjuan Liu Minmin Cai Martin M. F. Choi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):454-463
Main physicochemical and microbiological parameters of collected petroleum-contaminated soils with different degrees of contamination from DaGang oil field (southeast of Tianjin, northeast China) were comparatively analyzed in order to assess the influence of petroleum contaminants on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of soil. An integration of microcalorimetric technique with urease enzyme analysis was used with the aim to assess a general status of soil metabolism and the potential availability of nitrogen nutrient in soils stressed by petroleum-derived contaminants. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of contaminated soils varied from 752.3 to 29,114 mg kg?1. Although the studied physicochemical and biological parameters showed variations dependent on TPH content, the correlation matrix showed also highly significant correlation coefficients among parameters, suggesting their utility in describing a complex matrix such as soil even in the presence of a high level of contaminants. The microcalorimetric measures gave evidence of microbial adaptation under highest TPH concentration; this would help in assessing the potential of a polluted soil to promote self-degradation of oil-derived hydrocarbon under natural or assisted remediation. The results highlighted the importance of the application of combined approach in the study of those parameters driving the soil amelioration and bioremediation. 相似文献