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Clausen Lauge Peter Westergaard Broholm Mette Martina Gosewinkel Ulrich Trapp Stefan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(22):18320-18331
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread soil and groundwater pollutant and clean-up is often problematic and expensive. Phytoremediation may be a... 相似文献
73.
A field study was established to investigate the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols in Chicago, IL. One goal of
this study was to determine the influence of precursor trace gases and local meteorology on concentrations of secondary aerosol
ionic species. This paper describes the method details, shows the method is analytically valid, and reports overall as well
as some specific results found during the field study. Two particulate air samples were collected per day onto quartz fiber
filters at the Loyola University Chicago Air Station during the summer months in 2002–2004. In parallel, mixing ratios of
ozone and nitrogen oxides were monitored and weather parameters were recorded. Particulates were extracted from the filter
substrates and the subsequent solutions were analyzed by ion chromatography for anions, including low molecular weight organic
acids, and cations. A washing procedure was implemented to reduce the high background values of the quartz fiber filters.
Method validation showed that the collection method was efficient for all ions with exception of nitrate, whose efficiency
of 70% indicated losses caused by volatilization. The extraction method also proved efficient for both field and laboratory
samples, and the repeatability of the method was high with relative standard deviations less than 10% for all ions. Reproducibility
of the results was determined by comparison of sulfate to sulfur analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
and proved to be high as well. Concentrations differed significantly between the three summer studies due to varying levels
of precursor species as a consequence of distinct temperatures and wind direction profiles. 相似文献
74.
Ayesha I.T. Tulloch Richard F. Maloney Liana N. Joseph Joseph R. Bennett Martina M.I. Di Fonzo William J.M. Probert Shaun M. O'Connor Jodie P. Densem Hugh P. Possingham 《Conservation biology》2015,29(2):513-524
Conservation outcomes are uncertain. Agencies making decisions about what threat mitigation actions to take to save which species frequently face the dilemma of whether to invest in actions with high probability of success and guaranteed benefits or to choose projects with a greater risk of failure that might provide higher benefits if they succeed. The answer to this dilemma lies in the decision maker's aversion to risk—their unwillingness to accept uncertain outcomes. Little guidance exists on how risk preferences affect conservation investment priorities. Using a prioritization approach based on cost effectiveness, we compared 2 approaches: a conservative probability threshold approach that excludes investment in projects with a risk of management failure greater than a fixed level, and a variance‐discounting heuristic used in economics that explicitly accounts for risk tolerance and the probabilities of management success and failure. We applied both approaches to prioritizing projects for 700 of New Zealand's threatened species across 8303 management actions. Both decision makers’ risk tolerance and our choice of approach to dealing with risk preferences drove the prioritization solution (i.e., the species selected for management). Use of a probability threshold minimized uncertainty, but more expensive projects were selected than with variance discounting, which maximized expected benefits by selecting the management of species with higher extinction risk and higher conservation value. Explicitly incorporating risk preferences within the decision making process reduced the number of species expected to be safe from extinction because lower risk tolerance resulted in more species being excluded from management, but the approach allowed decision makers to choose a level of acceptable risk that fit with their ability to accommodate failure. We argue for transparency in risk tolerance and recommend that decision makers accept risk in an adaptive management framework to maximize benefits and avoid potential extinctions due to inefficient allocation of limited resources. El Efecto de la Aversión de Riesgo sobre la Priorización de Proyectos de Conservación 相似文献
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Ulrich Ewers Martina Turfeld Ingeborg Freier Arthur Brockhaus 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(6):312-316
The levels of lead and cadmium were determined in deciduous teeth of children from different areas of Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany. The children were born in 1968–1973 and 1979–1986. The levels of lead and cadmium in deciduous teeth show a significant decrease within this time interval. Lead decreases about 50 %, cadmium about 60 %. Since tooth lead and tooth cadmium may be used as indicators of the lead and cadmium body burden, the results of this study indicate a significant decrease of population exposure to lead and cadmium in West-Germany during the past 20–25 years, which is a consequence of pollution control and the increasing use of unleaded fuel. 相似文献
77.
Thomas Hoppe Andreas Kluge Martina Jurk Uwe-Karsten Schkade 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(2):83-88
The Federal Office for Radiation Protection investigated several natural and artificial radioactive isotopes in the sediments of rivers in the Erzgebirge by means of gamma radiation spectrometry. The regional distribution of the isotopes and their relation to former uranium mining is described. The significantly high differences of their concentrations in different river sections are discussed. A dependence of the activity concentrations on temporal peaks in mining activities is illustrated by the example of a sediment profile. The behavior of artificial radioactive isotopes, such as137Cs and134Cs after the reactor accident in Tschernobyl is characterized. All measurements were evaluated from the radiological point of view and critically assessed. 相似文献
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