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排序方式: 共有68条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
31.
Kamrun Nahar Motiar Rahman Mirza Hasanuzzaman Md. Mahabub Alam Anisur Rahman Toshisada Suzuki Masayuki Fujita 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21206-21218
The role of exogenous spermine (0.25 mM Spm, a type of polyamine (PA) in reducing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity (containing 1 and 1.5 mM CdCl2 in the growing media) effects was studied in the mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2) plant. Exogenously applied Spm reduced Cd content, accumulation, and translocation in different plant parts. Increasing phytochelatin content, exogenous Spm reduced Cd accumulation and translocation. Spm application reduced the Cd-induced oxidative damage which was reflected from the reduction of H2O2 content, O2 ?– generation rate, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and lipid peroxidation level and also reflected from the reduction of spots of H2O2 and O2 ?– from mung bean leaves (compared to control treatment). Spm pretreatment increased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (ascorbate, AsA, and glutathione, GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) which reduced oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal (MG) is also reduced by exogenous Spm because it enhanced glyoxalase system enzymes and components. Through osmoregulation, Spm maintained a better water status of Cd-affected mung bean seedlings. Spm prevented the chl damage and increased its content. Exogenous Spm also modulated the endogenous free PAs level which might have the roles in improving physiological processes including antioxidant capacity, osmoregulation, and Cd and MG detoxification capacity. The overall Spm-induced tolerance of mung bean seedlings to Cd toxicity was reflected through improved growth of mung bean seedlings. 相似文献
32.
33.
Minh NH Someya M Minh TB Kunisue T Iwata H Watanabe M Tanabe S Viet PH Tuyen BC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,129(3):431-441
Despite the ban on persistent organochlorines (OCs) in most of the developed nations, their usage continued until recently in many Asian developing countries including Vietnam, for agricultural purposes and vector-borne disease eradication programs. In this study, we collected human breast milk samples from the two big cities in Vietnam: Hanoi (n=42) and Hochiminh (n=44) and determined the concentrations of persistent OCs such as PCBs, DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane compounds (CHLs) and tris-4-chlorophenyl-methane (TCPMe). The contamination pattern of OCs was in the order of DDTs > PCBs > HCHs > CHLs approximately HCB approximately TCPMe. Compilation of available data indicated that DDT residue levels in human breast milk from Vietnam were among the highest values reported for Asian developing countries as well as developed nations. This result suggests recent usage of DDTs in both north and south Vietnam. Interestingly, in both cities, the p,p'-DDT portion was higher in multiparas than those in primiparas. Considering the fact that the interval between the first and the second child of a mother in Vietnam is usually short, this result probably indicates continuous intake of DDTs in the population. Analysis of infant exposure to DDTs via breast milk suggested that the daily intake rates for number of individuals are close to or above the threshold for adverse effects which may raise concern on children health. 相似文献
34.
M. Azizul Moqsud Kiyoshi Omine Noriyuki Yasufuku Masayuki Hyodo Yukio Nakata 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2465-2469
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained a lot of attention recently as a mode of converting organic matter into electricity. In this study, a compost-based microbial fuel cell that generates bioelectricity by biodegradation of organic matter is developed. Grass cuttings, along with leaf mold, rice bran, oil cake (from mustard plants) and chicken droppings (waste from chickens) were used as organic waste. The electric properties of the MFC under anaerobic fermentation condition were investigated along with the influence of different types of membranes, the mixing of fly ash, and different types of electrode materials. It is observed that the maximum voltage was increased by mixing fly ash. Cellophane showed the highest value of voltage (around 350 mV). Bamboo charcoal is good for anode material; however carbon fiber is better for the cathode material in terms of optimization of power generated. This developed MFC is a simple cell to generate electricity from organic waste. 相似文献
35.
Mi Yoon Chung Sungwon Son Sonia Herrando-Moraira Cindy Q. Tang Masayuki Maki Young-Dong Kim Jordi López-Pujol James L. Hamrick Myong Gi Chung 《Conservation biology》2020,34(5):1142-1151
Reviews that summarize the genetic diversity of plant species in relation to their life history and ecological traits show that forest trees have more genetic diversity at population and species levels than annuals or herbaceous perennials. In addition, among-population genetic differentiation is significantly lower in trees than in most herbaceous perennials and annuals. Possible reasons for these differences between trees and herbaceous perennials and annuals have not been discussed critically. Several traits, such as high rates of outcrossing, long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, large effective population sizes (Ne), arborescent stature, low population density, longevity, overlapping generations, and occurrence in late successional communities, may make trees less sensitive to genetic bottlenecks and more resistant to habitat fragmentation or climate change. We recommend that guidelines for genetic conservation strategies be designed differently for tree species versus other types of plant species. Because most tree species fit an LH scenario (low [L] genetic differentiation and high [H] genetic diversity), tree seeds could be sourced from a few populations distributed across the species’ range. For the in situ conservation of trees, translocation is a viable option to increase Ne. In contrast, rare herbaceous understory species are frequently HL (high differentiation and low diversity) species. Under the HL scenario, seeds should be taken from many populations with high genetic diversity. In situ conservation efforts for herbaceous plants should focus on protecting habitats because the typically small populations of these species are vulnerable to the loss of genetic diversity. The robust allozyme genetic diversity databases could be used to develop conservation strategies for species lacking genetic information. As a case study of reforestation with several tree species in denuded areas on the Korean Peninsula, we recommend the selection of local genotypes as suitable sources to prevent adverse effects and to insure the successful restoration in the long term. 相似文献
36.
Y. Nomura K. Fujiwara A. Terada S. Nakai M. Hosomi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(7):1290-1295
Fly ashes from a municipal solid waste incinerator were subjected to mechanochemical (MC) treatment in a planetary ball mill, and the treated fly ashes were cemented with a binder. The leachability of lead (Pb) from the treated fly ashes and from the cement product were investigated, and the speciation of lead in the treated and untreated ashes was determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. MC treatment of the fly ashes and subsequent cementation prevented Pb leaching by 99.9%, whereas MC treatment alone prevented Pb leaching by 92.8%. Analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge spectrum of the untreated fly ashes revealed that the predominant Pb species in the ashes was PbCl2. In contrast, the counterpart in the treated fly ashes was Pb3O4 insoluble in water. The formation of a species of Pb with a lower solubility in water than that of PbCl2 was confirmed by MC treatment of PbCl2-spiked fly ashes for 48 h, indicating the reduction of PbCl2 in the spiked fly ashes to Pb via Pb3O4 during MC treatment. Our results indicate that such reduction to an insoluble species prevented Pb from leaching and that MC treatment followed by cementation is a feasible method for the recycling of fly ashes. 相似文献
37.
Thu Lan T. Nguyen Shabbir H. Gheewala Masayuki Sagisaka 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(5):412-418
One of the major justifications for bio-energy systems is their low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to fossil-energy ones. Transforming a sugar mill into a bio-energy plant would contribute to climate change mitigation via the extraction of renewable electricity and ethanol. This study takes the case of the sugar industry in Thailand and identifies scenario options that offer GHG reduction benefits. Improving efficiency in electricity generation from sugar cane residues e.g. excess bagasse and cane trash is such a beneficial option. Furthermore, extracting ethanol in a so-called bio-refinery, where the co-product stillage is utilized for energy, tends to magnify the potential benefit. The largest savings potential achieved with extracting ethanol from surplus sugar versus current practice in the sugar industry in Thailand amounts to 14 million tonnes CO2e a year. This cannot be realized in practice until the carbon debt from land conversion is repaid, which takes 4.5–7 years, assuming that the land converted is grassland. 相似文献
38.
Hirotoshi Kawabata Bokka Yabunaka Masayuki Tanabe Tateo Usui Katsukiyo Marukawa Shigeta Hara Toshihiro Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):80-89
A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many
middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running
and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a
simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method
for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means
of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface.
In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (RP) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: RP (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC)}, where SS (cm2/cm3) is the specific surface area of bubbles and tC (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product Ss · tC increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins
(RD) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: RD (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC · CD0
0.07)}, where CD0 [ng/cm3 (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. RD depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on
the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was
evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas. 相似文献
39.
Kazuya Mimura Masayuki Endo Yoko Kawanishi Takeshi Kanagawa Kouji Nagata Keita Terui Makoto Fujii Masayuki Shiraishi Masaya Yamoto Miharu Ito Atsuo Itakura Hiroomi Okuyama Noriaki Usui the Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):993-1001
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear. 相似文献
40.
Hiroyasu Yamazaki Masayuki Terada Akira Tsuboi Chizuyo Matsubara Toshiaki Hata Yasuo Kakiuchi 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):71-81
Orally administered 3H‐benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was persistent in protein fraction of liver, lung and kidney. The radioactivity in this fraction increased with time after administration and accounted for about 50%, 40% and 65% of total radioactivity in liver, lung and kidney, respectively at 48 hr. The BP metabolites binding proteins were located in cytosol and had molecular weights of 40,000–60,000 and 80,000–100,000 as determined by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. In addition, at 48hr after administration, about 80% of radioactivity in high molecular weight protein fraction was found to be precipitated by trichloroacetic acid treatment. These results suggest that BP metabolites might be transported by and are persistent in these protein fractions of liver, lung and kidney if the intake of BP is continuous. These proteins, therefore, appeared to be closely related to cell toxicity or mutagenicity in these organs as well as DNA. 相似文献