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31.
Hirotoshi Kawabata Bokka Yabunaka Masayuki Tanabe Tateo Usui Katsukiyo Marukawa Shigeta Hara Toshihiro Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):80-89
A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many
middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running
and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a
simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method
for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means
of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface.
In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (RP) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: RP (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC)}, where SS (cm2/cm3) is the specific surface area of bubbles and tC (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product Ss · tC increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins
(RD) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: RD (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC · CD0
0.07)}, where CD0 [ng/cm3 (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. RD depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on
the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was
evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas. 相似文献
32.
Kazuya Mimura Masayuki Endo Yoko Kawanishi Takeshi Kanagawa Kouji Nagata Keita Terui Makoto Fujii Masayuki Shiraishi Masaya Yamoto Miharu Ito Atsuo Itakura Hiroomi Okuyama Noriaki Usui the Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):993-1001
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear. 相似文献
33.
Hiroyasu Yamazaki Masayuki Terada Akira Tsuboi Chizuyo Matsubara Toshiaki Hata Yasuo Kakiuchi 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):71-81
Orally administered 3H‐benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was persistent in protein fraction of liver, lung and kidney. The radioactivity in this fraction increased with time after administration and accounted for about 50%, 40% and 65% of total radioactivity in liver, lung and kidney, respectively at 48 hr. The BP metabolites binding proteins were located in cytosol and had molecular weights of 40,000–60,000 and 80,000–100,000 as determined by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. In addition, at 48hr after administration, about 80% of radioactivity in high molecular weight protein fraction was found to be precipitated by trichloroacetic acid treatment. These results suggest that BP metabolites might be transported by and are persistent in these protein fractions of liver, lung and kidney if the intake of BP is continuous. These proteins, therefore, appeared to be closely related to cell toxicity or mutagenicity in these organs as well as DNA. 相似文献
34.
The terrestrial water cycle and the impact of climate change are critical for agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this paper, we assess both by running a macro-scale water balance model under a baseline condition and 2 General Circulation Model (GCM)-based climate change scenarios. The results show that in 2021-2030, water demand will increase worldwide due to climate change. Water shortage is expected to worsen in western Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, northern and southern Africa, northeastern Australia, southwestern North America, and central South America. A significant increase in surface runoff is expected in southern Asia and a significant decrease is expected in northern South America. These changes will have implications for regional environment and socioeconomics. 相似文献
35.
To investigate whether wind is a significant driving force in the diffusion of CO and CH4 from the atmosphere into soil, we measured the concentrations of these two gases at two heights above a temperate grass field in Japan and estimated their deposition velocities using micrometeorological techniques. The concentrations were inversely correlated with wind speed, indicating that the local concentrations were influenced by ground sources. The CO and CH4 concentrations at 0.33 m were usually lower than those at 1.3 m. Although nocturnal data are suspected to be non-stationary, by selecting several periods when the changes of the concentrations were small but larger than analytical precision, we obtained a CO velocity of 2.9 and 3.9×10−2 cms−1, agreeing with a CO deposition velocity, 3.4×10−2 cms−1, obtained by applying a method using CO2 as a tracer. The CH4 influx obtained by the method using CO2 as a tracer was 13 ngm−2 s−1. The ranges of the CO deposition velocity and CH4 influx were similar to those obtained in previous studies in grassfields and in a nearby arable field using a closed-chamber technique. This shows that light winds do not greatly accelerate CO and CH4 uptake by soil. 相似文献
36.
Koji Tokimatsu Rintaro Yamaguchi Masayuki Sato Rieko Yasuoka Masahiro Nishio Kazuhiro Ueta 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):703-725
Theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on the genuine saving (GS) based on neoclassical economic theory to
assess sustainable development (SD). However, only market prices and statistical national accounts have been used in empirical
studies due to limited data availability. The data availability limits to measure GS only in the past and current, causing a wide gap with theoretical results. In this paper, we propose computing GS using an integrated assessment model
(IAM) as connected to the mainframe model of macroeconomy. This enables us to use shadow prices, rather than market prices,
obtained through an IAM, which ensures substantial consistency among variables. An example would be endogenous capital–output
ratio and the rate of TFP. Also, our indicator of GS is more comprehensive in that they now account for various resources,
environmental degradation, and land use. Our simulation results, with a particular focus on GS with population change (GSn)
and with technological change as well (GSnt), show a sustainable future for up to the end of the century thanks to declining
population in the latter half of the century and technological progress, although GS without accounting for population and
technology tend to be negative, driven by, among others, capital depreciation and net primary productivity degraded by land
use. 相似文献
37.
Devanathan G Subramanian A Someya M Sudaryanto A Isobe T Takahashi S Chakraborty P Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):148-154
The present study was carried out to understand the current contamination status of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in human breast milk from three metropolitan cities in India (New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata). Among the OCs analyzed, DDTs were predominant followed by HCHs and PCBs. CHLs and HCB levels were much lower. Contamination patterns were different in human milk found in our previous study in Chennai, a metropolitan city in southern India, indicating region specific exposure routes and variable sources. In comparison with previous data, levels of DDTs and HCHs generally declined with time, implying the effect of various bans and restrictions on their usage. No association between concentrations of OCs and demographic characteristics such as parity and age of mothers was observed which might be due to narrow range of mother's age. Estimated daily intake shows that some infants are exposed to OCs to a greater extent, particularly HCHs than the guideline standard. 相似文献
38.
The co-pyrolysis of sawdust and polyethylene was carried out in a TG-DTG system and a U-shape tube reactor. This research was focused on the interaction between sawdust and polyethylene during the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the interaction between the sawdust particles and polyethylene particles could be ignored during the devolatile process, but there was interaction among the volatile components in the co-pyrolysis process. 相似文献
39.
Masayuki Tanabe Atsumi Miyake 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(5):809-819
This study aims to provide the approach for inherent safety design of onshore LNG plants to be applied at the very early stages (concept definition phase) of the project development. Onshore LNG plant development project starts from the “Concept Definition” phase, where financial feasibility is estimated and major conditions, such as site location and plant foot print, are set.The inherent safety design basic criteria and design measures should be identified and selected when setting the basic conditions during the Concept Definition phase of the project development, such as the site location (relative location from populated areas), site condition (prevailing wind direction) and plant production capacity (number of process train, number of product tanks). The safety measures, which are usually not fully developed at the project early stages in the current design execution practices, are the emergency systems, which mitigate an accident escalation, the modularized plant and layout, and the tank selection.The inherent safety design measures discusses in this paper were identified based on the categories of plot plan, emergency system, and module plant application.The proposed approach will contribute to improve inherent safety design of onshore LNG plants and it will also yield schedule and cost benefits. 相似文献
40.