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61.
62.
G. Mathias Kondolf 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1993,36(3):395-406
Mining of gravel for construction aggregate in California is regulated under the concept of ‘reclamation’, borrowed from open‐pit coal mines, which are recontoured and returned to productive use (such as agriculture) after mine closure. The concept works for dry terrace pits and can be adapted to creation of wildlife habitat in wet terrace pits. However, the state's regulatory structure also applies the concept to gravel extraction in the active channel, a dynamic system where the extraction site cannot be isolated from the surrounding environment. In this paper, I review reclamation in terrace and floodplain deposits but question the appropriateness of extending the traditional notion of reclamation to instream mining operations. 相似文献
63.
Simon A. Mathias Paul E. Hardisty Mark R. Trudell Robert W. Zimmerman 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(5):577-585
This paper presents a simple methodology for estimating pressure pressure buildup due to the injection of supercritical CO2into a saline formation, and the limiting pressure at which the formation starts to fracture. Pressure buildup is calculated using the approximate solution of Mathias et al. [Mathias, S.A., Hardisty, P.E., Trudell, M.R., Zimmerman, R.W., 2009. Approximate solutions for pressure buildup during CO2 injection in brine aquifers. Transp. Porous Media. doi:10.1007/s11242-008-9316-7], which accounts for two-phase Forchheimer flow (of supercritical CO2 and brine) in a compressible porous medium. Compressibility of the rock formation and both fluid phases are also accounted for. Injection pressure is assumed to be limited by the pressure required to fracture the rock formation. Fracture development is assumed to occur when pore pressures exceed the minimum principal stress, which in turn is related to the Poisson’s ratio of the rock formation. Detailed guidance is also offered concerning the estimation of viscosity, density and compressibility for the brine and CO2. Example calculations are presented in the context of data from the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership. Such a methodology will be useful for screening analysis of potential CO2 injection sites to identify which are worthy of further investigation. 相似文献
64.
G. Mathias Kondolf 《Environmental management》1994,18(4):501-509
The North Fork of Cottonwood Creek, in the White Mountains, Inyo National Forest, California, is a critically important refuge
for the Paiute cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris), a federally listed threatened species. Habitat for these fish appears to be limited by excessive levels of fine sediment
in the channel, and livestock grazing of riparian meadows has been implicated in delivery of sediment to the channel. However,
the relationships between land use and sediment yield have not been conclusively determined, in large part because there are
no historically ungrazed sites to serve as long-term controls. Accordingly, land-use decisions must be made under scientific
uncertainty. To reduce erosion and sedimentation in the stream, the Forest Service spent approximately US$260,000 from 1981
to 1991 to repair watershed damage from livestock grazing, prevent livestock from traversing steep banks, and limit livestock
access to the channel. Throughout this period, livestock grazing has continued on these lands, yielding less than $12,000
in grazing fees. In revising its Allotment Management Plan for the basin, the Forest Service rejected the “no-grazing” alternative
because it was inconsistent with its Land and Resource Management Plan, which specifies there is to be no net reduction of
grazing.
Joint appointment with the University of California White Mountain Research Station, East Line Street, Bishop, California
93518, USA. 相似文献
65.
Usman Muhammad Katsoyiannis Ioannis Rodrigues Josma Henna Ernst Mathias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59063-59075
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is among the major drinking water contaminants affecting populations in many countries because it causes serious health problems on long-term... 相似文献
66.
Jeffrey S. Fehmi Guo-Yue Niu Russell L. Scott Andrea Mathias 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):395-406
Of the operations required for reclamation in arid and semi-arid regions, establishing vegetation entails the most uncertainty due to reliance on unpredictable rainfall for seed germination and seedling establishment. The frequency of successful vegetation establishment was estimated based on a land surface model driven by hourly atmospheric forcing data, 7 years of eddy-flux data, and 31 years of rainfall data at two adjacent sites in southern Arizona, USA. Two scenarios differing in the required imbibition time for successful germination were evaluated—2 or 3 days availability of sufficient surface moisture. Establishment success was assumed to occur if plants could germinate and if the drying front in the soil did not overtake the growth of seminal roots. Based on our results, vegetation establishment could be expected to fail in 32 % of years. In the worst 10-year span, six of ten plantings would have failed. In the best 10-year span, only one of ten was projected to fail. Across all assessments, at most 3 years in a row failed and 6 years in a row were successful. Funding for reclamation seeding must be available to allow reseeding the following year if sufficient amount and timing of rainfall does not occur. 相似文献
67.
Due to its long radioactive half-life, iodine-129 is considered to be an important radionuclide in the context of underground radioactive waste disposal safety assessment. Iodine speciates as iodide (I-) in reducing conditions and iodate (IO3-) in oxidizing conditions. As iodate is more reactive, it is much less mobile than iodide. Consequently, in considering vertically upward transport within a soil profile, iodine will tend to accumulate at the top of the capillary fringe. In this paper, a model of iodine transport across a capillary fringe is developed by coupling equations for variably saturated flow, oxygen dynamics and rate-limited sorption. Model parameters are obtained by consideration of literature values, calibration on soil column data and other supporting laboratory experiments. The results demonstrate the importance of rate kinetics on the migration and bioavailability of radioiodine in the near-surface environment. 相似文献
68.
In the present study morphological (ratio of body weight to body length, weight of internal organs) and haematological parameters (cells count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were used for monitoring potential effects of metal contaminants on the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus). The study also provided the opportunity to evaluate the use of morphological and haematological characteristics as indicators of a metal stress. Data were taken from a riverside population inhabiting a heavy metal-contaminated site and compared with those collected from a reference population of the same species. With the exception of non-reproductive males, all mice weighed less in the metal-polluted site as compared to the reference site. Spleen and kidney masses were also less in contaminated mice but mean haemoglobin concentration was greater in the polluted group versus controls. Responses of mice from the polluted area may indicate physiological stress due to diminished environmental quality. Results also suggest that M. spretus may be used as an indicator in pollution monitoring. 相似文献
69.
70.
Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites—DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN
Wetterauer B Ricking M Otte JC Hallare AV Rastall A Erdinger L Schwarzbauer J Braunbeck T Hollert H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):403-415