Das motorische Intentionspotential

Autocorrelation of the EEG was used to registrate a potential from the intact human scalp during intended, but not executed movements (dorsalflexion of the right hallux, imaginated in equal time intervals). This "Motor Intention Potential" (MIP) is a possible electrophysiological sign of the otherwise purely introspectively experienced intention of a voluntary movement and the cortex of the frontal lobes is suspected to be its origin. The average maximum amplitude height is 6 microV, and the potential shows a continuous decrease from the frontal to occipital region. The duration of MIP is in the range of seconds. Methodological questions are discussed, and the MIP is differentiated from other event-, movement- and imagination-related potentials. An attempt is made to place the motor intention potential in the context of existing movement theories.     

The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part II: Evaluation Against Laboratory and Full-Scale Concentration Measurements in Street Canyons

The paper addresses the problem of the parameterisation of traffic induced turbulent motion in urban dispersion models. Results from a variety of full-scale and wind-tunnel studies are analysed and interpreted within a modelling framework based on scaling considerations. The combined effects of traffic and wind induced dispersive motions are quantified for different traffic situations (variable traffic densities, vehicle velocities and vehicle types) and incorporated into the developed parameterisations. A new dispersive velocity scale is formulated and recommendations regarding its application in urban dispersion models are given. The necessity of accounting for traffic induced air motions in predictions of street-canyon pollution levels is demonstrated. Further research is needed to verify the empirical constants in the proposed parameterisations and to generalize the developed approach for a broader range of urban building configurations, meteorological conditions, and traffic situations.     

OH自由基绝对标定系统的建立和研究

利用H2 O在 1 85nm紫外光照射下产生定量OH自由基 ,用低压扩散激光诱导荧光技术建立了OH自由基标定系统 .在实验条件下 ,体系产生OH自由基的浓度范围为 3× 1 0 7— 2× 1 0 9个·cm- 3,得到归一化荧光信号 (S)与OH自由基浓度的定量关系为S =6 0 4× 1 0 - 9[OH]- 0 0 4 0 7(R2 =0 987) ,并研究和讨论了饱和效应以及体系中可能存在的干扰 .     

The crux with reducing emissions in the long-term: The underestimated “now” versus the overestimated “then”

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - The focus of this perspective piece is on memory, persistence, and explainable outreach of forced systems, with greenhouse gas (GHG)...     

Environmental cues and constraints affecting the seasonality of dominant calanoid copepods in brackish, coastal waters: a case study of Acartia, Temora and Eurytemora species in the south-west Baltic

Information on physiological rates and tolerances helps one gain a cause-and-effect understanding of the role that some environmental (bottom–up) factors play in regulating the seasonality and productivity of key species. We combined the results of laboratory experiments on reproductive success and field time series data on adult abundance to explore factors controlling the seasonality of Acartia spp., Eurytemora affinis and Temora longicornis, key copepods of brackish, coastal and temperate environments. Patterns in laboratory and field data were discussed using a metabolic framework that included the effects of ‘controlling’, ‘masking’ and ‘directive’ environmental factors. Over a 5-year period, changes in adult abundance within two south-west Baltic field sites (Kiel Fjord Pier, 54°19′89N, 10°09′06E, 12–21 psu, and North/Baltic Sea Canal NOK, 54°20′45N, 9°57′02E, 4–10 psu) were evaluated with respect to changes in temperature, salinity, day length and chlorophyll a concentration. Acartia spp. dominated the copepod assemblage at both sites (up to 16,764 and 21,771 females m^?3 at NOK and Pier) and was 4 to 10 times more abundant than E. affinis (to 2,939?m^?3 at NOK) and T. longicornis (to 1,959?m^?3 at Pier), respectively. Species-specific salinity tolerance explains differences in adult abundance between sampling sites whereas phenological differences among species are best explained by the influence of species-specific thermal windows and prey requirements supporting survival and egg production. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) factors influence the production of different egg types (normal and resting), regulate life-history strategies and influence match–mismatch dynamics.     

Mapping woodland vegetation in SW Ethiopia based on a hybrid model

SUMMARY

Despite the fact that indigenous inhabitants have sustainably managed the forests and woodlands for centuries, Ethiopia's woodland resources are now under severe pressure. At the request of the Ethiopian Government, in 1996/97 the Savanna Woodland Management Study Project was initiated by the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ). A detailed analysis of the woodland resources in SW Ethiopia and a vegetation map were produced. The map was generated using multispectral remote-sensing data, and provides details of the variety within Ethiopian woodlands. A hybrid data classification procedure was applied to incorporate relief and climatic conditions. After analysis of the remote sensing data by image processing, a spatial overlay was performed to incorporate the additional site condition factors. The vegetation map shows the spatial distribution of all existing woodland types in the area and enhances our knowledge of the rich biodiversity of SW Ethiopia. Such mapping gives us a better understanding of existing ecosystems and indigenous land-use systems, and hence, can lead to more sustainable management of the natural resources in the future.