全文获取类型
收费全文 | 407篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 7篇 |
废物处理 | 12篇 |
环保管理 | 33篇 |
综合类 | 98篇 |
基础理论 | 97篇 |
污染及防治 | 110篇 |
评价与监测 | 23篇 |
社会与环境 | 36篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 9篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1920年 | 3篇 |
1915年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有417条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Per Schubert Nils G. A. Ekelund Thomas H. Beery Christine Wamsler K. Ingemar Jönsson Andreas Roth 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(3):298-312
While ecosystem-based planning approaches are increasingly promoted through international and national policies, municipalities are still struggling with translating them into practice. Against this background, this paper aims to increase the knowledge of current advances and possible ways to support the implementation of the ecosystem services (ES) approach at the municipal level. More specifically, we analyze how ES have been integrated into comprehensive planning within the municipality of Malmö in Sweden over the last 60 years, a declared forerunner in local environmental governance. Based on a content analysis of comprehensive plans over the period 1956–2014 and interviews with municipal stakeholders, this paper demonstrates how planning has shifted over time toward a more holistic view of ES and their significance for human well-being and urban sustainability. Both explicit and implicit applications of the ES concept were found in the analyzed comprehensive plans and associated programs and projects. Our study shows how these applications reflect international, national, and local policy changes, and indicates how municipalities can gradually integrate the ES approach into comprehensive planning and facilitate the transition from implicit to more explicit knowledge use. 相似文献
62.
On the effective hydraulic conductivity and macrodispersivity for density-dependent groundwater flow
Zhenjiao Jiang Matthias Raiber Jianmin Bian Malcolm Cox 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2014,14(1):157-171
In this paper, semi-analytical expressions of the effective hydraulic conductivity ( $K^{E})$ and macrodispersivity ( $\alpha ^{E})$ for 3D steady-state density-dependent groundwater flow are derived using a stationary spectral method. Based on the derived expressions, we present the dependence of $K^{E}$ and $\alpha ^{E}$ on the density of fluid under different dispersivity and spatial correlation scale of hydraulic conductivity. The results show that the horizontal $K^{E}$ and $\alpha ^{E}$ are not affected by density-induced flow. However, due to gravitational instability of the fluid induced by density contrasts, both vertical $K^{E}$ and $\alpha ^{E}$ are found to be reduced slightly when the density factor ( $\gamma $ ) is less than 0.01, whereas significant decreases occur when $\gamma $ exceeds 0.01. Of note, the variation of $K^{E}$ and $\alpha ^{E}$ is more significant when local dispersivity is small and the correlation scale of hydraulic conductivity is large. 相似文献
63.
Angelika Hilbeck Matthias Meier Jörg Römbke Stephan Jänsch Hanka Teichmann Beatrix Tappeser 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2011,23(1):1-12
Purpose
The purpose of the study is the enhancement of criticality assessments for resources in order to address function specific factors like dissipation, recycling, bio-activity and toxicity. The developed methodology is applied to platinum-containing cytostatic drugs and automotive catalytic converters.Methods
The study is methodically based on an analysis of resource specific factors like exploration rates, reserves-to-production ratio and regional distribution of exploration areas as well as on the investigation of product/functional depending factors like recycling rates, dissipation rates, bio-diversity and toxicity. Taking into account that economic and ecological risks may occur at any stage of the supply, consumption and dissipation processes, the whole life cycles of the two analyzed products (cytostatic drugs and automotive catalytic converters) are considered. As an approach to reduce potential economic and ecological risks the study is especially focused on recycling strategies.Background
In order to get a better understanding of platinum as an essential resource for the development of our society the history and the cultural impact of the term "resource" are introduced.Results & Discussion
The availability of platinum is crucial for several products of our modern society. Areas of application are e.g. jewellery, automotive catalytic converters, investments (coins, bars), computers, mobile devices, fertilizers and cytostatic drugs. Economic risks are caused by limited sources and dynamic demand of new application areas like fuel cells and drugs. Platinum-containing drugs are used for the treatment of several kinds of cancer such as testicular, breast, colon and prostate. Currently the pharmaceutical industry requires 6,9 tons per year (3 percent of the total demand of platinum). Due to the improvement of medical standards and the ageing society, especially in developing countries, the demand of platinum-containing drugs will rise significantly. The dissipation of toxic soluble salts and the lack of advanced waste-water treatment and recycling systems is a problem of the usage of platinum-containing drugs. Compared with cytostatic drugs (14.6 kg/a for Germany) the dissipation of platinum particles of mobile catalytic converters is much higher (5-20 tons/a only in North America, Europe and Japan; 184,2 kg/a in Germany). On the other hand the emission of platinum nano-particles of automotive catalytic converters seems less critical. Furthermore advanced recycling technologies are already available for them.Conclusions
The evaluation of resources has to consider resource specific and functional depending factors. In order to reduce economic and ecological risks of the dissipation of platinum salts in cytostatic drugs three principle options can be identified: the development of ecologically compatible and cost-effective substitutes, efficient recycling systems and future-oriented sanitary-systems as well as waste-water treatment facilities, which are able to separate platinum salts. Concerning the dissipation of platinum particles of mobile converters relevant research questions are the identification of adequate substitutes as well as the extension of recycling capacities.Recommendations and perspectives
The study demonstrates a research gap concerning substitutes for automotive catalytic converters as well as for platinum-containing cytostatic drugs. The development and implementation of recycling concepts, technologies and capacities to reuse platinum as a secondary resource is an essential issue. As a consequence the economic and ecological risks can be reduced by increasing the resource efficiency. Special research has to be done concerning the development of future-oriented sanitary-systems and waste-water treatment facilities in order to separate platinum in waste water. Furthermore, if the future demand of new products like fuel cells is considered, a resource conflict concerning the potential functional applications will be evident. In order to address these challenges the criticality assessment has to be enhanced by ethic and social factors. 相似文献64.
Ivonne Bedei Karl-Philipp Gloning Luc Joyeux Matthias Meyer-Wittkopf Daria Willner Martin Krapp Alexander Scharf Jan Degenhardt Kai-Sven Heling Peter Kozlowski Kathrin Trautmann Kai M. Jahns Annegret Geipel Ismail Tekesin Michael Elsässer Lucas Wilhelm Ingo Gottschalk Jan-Erik Baumüller Cahit Birdir Andreas Schröer Felix Zöllner Aline Wolter Johanna Schenk Tascha Gehrke Alicia Spaeth Roland Axt-Fliedner 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):183-191
Objective
Omphalocele is known to be associated with genetic anomalies like trisomy 13, 18 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, but not with Turner syndrome (TS). Our aim was to assess the incidence of omphalocele in fetuses with TS, the phenotype of this association with other anomalies, their karyotype, and the fetal outcomes.Method
Retrospective multicenter study of fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of TS. Data were extracted from a detailed questionnaire sent to specialists in prenatal ultrasound.Results
680 fetuses with TS were included in this analysis. Incidence of small omphalocele in fetuses diagnosed ≥12 weeks was 3.1%. Including fetuses diagnosed before 12 weeks, it was 5.1%. 97.1% (34/35) of the affected fetuses had one or more associated anomalies including increased nuchal translucency (≥3 mm) and/or cystic hygroma (94.3%), hydrops/skin edema (71.1%), and cardiac anomalies (40%). The karyotype was 45,X in all fetuses. Fetal outcomes were poor with only 1 fetus born alive.Conclusion
TS with 45,X karyotype but not with X chromosome variants is associated with small omphalocele. Most of these fetuses have associated anomalies and a poor prognosis. Our data suggest an association of TS with omphalocele, which is evident from the first trimester. 相似文献65.
The cuticle of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is largely free of the macroscopic epibionts that rapidly colonize most solid surfaces exposed to sea water. Here, we describe
a viscous surface secretion that coats the carapace of the horseshoe crab. We report methods for stimulating production of
the substance, identify hemolytic and liposome-permeabilizing activities and provide a partial biochemical characterization.
We propose that this secretion functions as an anti-fouling agent protecting the chitinized epithelium of the cuticle from
colonization by deleterious epibionts. 相似文献
66.
The decomposition of leaf litter is controlled by several factors. One factor that may play an important role is the content
of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). Here we designed a combined method to isolate proanthocyanidins from leaf extracts,
to convert them to anthocyanidins, and to quantify individual anthocyanidins exactly with a new, simple, but sensitive high-performance
liquid chromatography method. We used this method to show composition of proanthocyanidins and to monitor degradation of proanthocyanidins
and individual constituents in leaf litter in an aquatic environment over time. Despite the rapid decrease in the initial
concentrations, a fraction of the proanthocyanidins remained detectable for several weeks. 相似文献
67.
Sea turtle nesting presents a potential pathway to subsidize nutrient-poor dune ecosystems, which provide the nesting habitat for sea turtles. To assess whether this positive feedback between dune plants and turtle nests exists, we measured N concentration and delta15N values in dune soils, leaves from a common dune plant (sea oats [Uniola paniculata]), and addled eggs of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) across a nesting gradient (200-1050 nests/km) along a 40.5-km stretch of beach in east central Florida, USA. The delta15N levels were higher in loggerhead than green turtle eggs, denoting the higher trophic level of loggerhead turtles. Soil N concentration and delta15N values were both positively correlated to turtle nest density. Sea oat leaf tissue delta15N was also positively correlated to nest density, indicating an increased use of augmented marine-based nutrient sources. Foliar N concentration was correlated with delta15N, suggesting that increased nutrient availability from this biogenic vector may enhance the vigor of dune vegetation, promoting dune stabilization and preserving sea turtle nesting habitat. 相似文献
68.
69.
Surface runoff is one of the most important pathways for pesticides to enter surface waters. Mathematical models are employed to characterize its spatio-temporal variability within landscapes, but they must be simple owing to the limited availability and low resolution of data at this scale. This study aimed to validate a simplified spatially-explicit model that is developed for the regional scale to calculate the runoff potential (RP). The RP is a generic indicator of the magnitude of pesticide inputs into streams via runoff. The underlying runoff model considers key environmental factors affecting runoff (precipitation, topography, land use, and soil characteristics), but predicts losses of a generic substance instead of any one pesticide. We predicted and evaluated RP for 20 small streams. RP input data were extracted from governmental databases. Pesticide measurements from a triennial study were used for validation. Measured pesticide concentrations were standardized by the applied mass per catchment and the water solubility of the relevant compounds. The maximum standardized concentration per site and year (runoff loss, RLoss) provided a generalized measure of observed pesticide inputs into the streams. Average RP explained 75% (p < 0.001) of the variance in RLoss. Our results imply that the generic indicator can give an adequate estimate of runoff inputs into small streams, wherever data of similar resolution are available. Therefore, we suggest RP for a first quick and cost-effective location of potential runoff hot spots at the landscape level. 相似文献
70.
Richard Roth Paul R. Marques Robert B. VoasAuthor vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(6):437-441