Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This study is the first report of the preparation of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) hydrogels rapidly crosslinked with divinyl sulfone in a single step and... 相似文献
The positive effects of Polyacrylamide (PAM), which is used as a soil conditioner in furrow irrigation, on sediment transport, erosion, and infiltration have been investigated intensively in recent years. However, the effects of PAM have not been considered enough in irrigation system planning and design. As a result of increased infiltration because of PAM, advance time may be inversely affected and deep percolation increases. However, advance time in furrow irrigation is a crucial parameter in order to get high application efficiency. In this study, inverse effects of PAM were discussed, and as an alternative solution, the applicability of surge flow was investigated. PAM application significantly increased the advance time at the rates of 41.3-56.3% in the first irrigation. The application of surge flow with PAM removed this negative effect on advance time, where there was no statistically significant difference according to normal continuous flow (without PAM). PAM applications significantly increased the deep percolation, 80.3-117.1%. Surge flow with PAM had significantly positive effect on the deep percolation compared to continuous flow with PAM but not compared to normal continuous flow. These results suggested that irrigation planning should me made based on the new soil and flow conditions because of PAM usage, and surge flow can be a solution to these problems. 相似文献
Globally, the issues about sustainable development are on the increase. Moreover, these issues are rising every day in Pakistan, as remittances are increasing, technology innovation is ambiguous, natural resources are degraded, and economic expansion might pose serious challenges to the environment. Thus, this research looks at how remittances, natural resources, technological innovation, and economic growth affect carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Pakistan by controlling energy consumption and urbanization from 1990 to 2019. The Bayer and Hanck test of combined cointegration discloses a cointegration between remittances, natural resources, technological innovations, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. Moreover, the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) proposes a significant positive association between remittances and CO2 emissions in the long run, indicating that the increase in remittances distresses the environmental performance of Pakistan. Our study confirms that natural resources decrease CO2 emissions while technological advancement, economic progress, energy use, and urbanization increase CO2 emissions. In addition, the results of robustness checks by employing fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares are parallel to the conclusions of ARDL estimations. Furthermore, the frequency causality test results show that remittances, natural resources, technological innovation, economic growth, energy use, and urbanization cause CO2 emissions at different frequencies. Therefore, to achieve the sustainable development goals, appropriate policy repercussions can be developed toward advanced and environmentally sustainable sources of energy.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The objective of this paper is twofold. First; we demonstrate the application of data mining techniques to predict quality indicators (TDS, Hardness,... 相似文献
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this study, the effect of micro-SiO2 (S) and micro-Al2O3 (A) additives on the strength of geopolymer pastes was investigated. Micro... 相似文献