This study investigates the effects of four different variables (initial workpiece temperature, side rake angle, edge radius/feed rate, and nose radius/depth of cut) on ductile regime machining of a bioceramic material known as nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) using 3D numerical simulation. AdvantEdge FEM Version 5.9 is used to conduct turning simulations of the nano-HAP workpiece. Tecplot 360 is used to analyze the results of the simulations. Because the workpiece is thin, the entire workpiece is set to a uniform initial temperature to simulate laser preheating of the material. Initial workpiece temperature, rake angle (side rake angle), edge radius, and nose radius are varied, and the effects of these operating conditions on critical feed are investigated. It is found that critical feed increases as initial workpiece temperature increases, and also as negativity of rake angle increases. For the edge radius, it is concluded that an initial increase causes an increase in critical feed – however, at some value of edge radius, critical feed shows no further increase; for the nose radius, critical feed appears to show no significant dependence. 相似文献
基于植被变化视角,以中国656 个建制城市的建成区为研究对象,选择1992、2000 和2010 年DMSP/OLS 夜间灯光数据和植被数据,选用城市建成区内归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)的均值反映建成区植被的状况;用建成区内NDVI均值和背景区内NDVI均值的比值(NDVI比值)衡量人为因素对城市建成区植被的影响情况。结果表明:①同一年份,城市规模越大,建成区植被越差;近20 a 来,除小城市植被变差外,其他等级城市植被总体在变好。②同一年份,规模小的城市人为因素产生的不利影响相对较小。近20 a 来,人为因素对特大城市和大城市植被产生的不利影响在减小,而中等城市基本不变,小城市则变大。③同一年份,从湿润半湿润森林带、半干旱草原带到干旱荒漠带的城市建成区内的植被逐渐变差;近20 a 来,干旱荒漠带的建成区植被状况略微变差,其余植被带内建成区植被变好。④同一年份,从湿润半湿润森林带、半干旱草原带到干旱荒漠带人为因素对建成区植被的不利影响逐渐减小;近20 a 来,湿润半湿润森林带内人为因素对建成区植被的不利影响在减小,而其他植被带内,人为因素的不利影响在增加。 相似文献