Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

高碱性烟气脱硫灰中亚硫酸钙含量分析方法

针对烟气脱硫灰中的亚硫酸钙含量测定方法没有国家标准和行业标准,在参考不同标准中亚硫酸盐的测定方法基础上,对碘量法测定烟气脱硫灰中亚硫酸钙含量的方法进行实验研究。通过自制烟气脱硫灰模拟样的滴定,结果表明高碱性脱硫灰在滴定前应采用先加碘后加酸的顺序进行处理,并使用盐酸或磷酸作为酸化剂,而不宜使用硫酸酸化;采用磷酸(1+1)作酸化剂,控制溶液pH值在2.49¹.40之间,可以准确测定高碱性烟气脱硫灰中亚硫酸钙含量,重复性好,同时可有效避免Fe3+干扰。     

北大港水库底泥盐分释放规律研究

底泥的盐分释放是滨海地区淡水库水质咸化的主要原因之一,而包括上覆水条件在内的多种因素可能影响到底泥的盐分释放。为了研究底泥盐分释放的规律和主要影响因素,采集了天津滨海地区典型淡水库——北大港水库底泥样品,测定了盐分含量,并通过室内模拟实验,研究了底泥盐分含量、上覆水水深、上覆水盐浓度以及扰动对底泥盐分释放的影响。调查结果表明,库区底泥全盐量为0.095%~0.818%,总体属轻盐化土和中盐化土,库心底泥盐分含量明显高于库周底泥。室内模拟实验表明,底泥含盐量越高,盐分释放通量越大;实验条件下上覆水越深,上覆水盐分含量越低,底泥盐分释放通量越大;上覆水扰动会促进底泥盐分释放。该研究认为,底泥盐分释放受底泥盐分含量和上覆水理化因素的多重影响,对其释放规律的研究有助于更好地解释滨海地区水体的咸化机制。     

南京市近20年酸雨发生趋势分析

根据南京1992-2011年的酸雨观测资料,研究了南京市近20年的酸雨变化分布特征。结果表明:2001年以前,南京市酸雨发生频率逐年降低,2001年后呈逐年上升趋势,2005年以后年降水pH值均小于5.6,酸雨污染趋势上升;根据2002-2011年南京市6站环境监测数据分析,年平均PM10浓度逐年下降,SO2、NO2浓度先升后降多优于国家二级标准。综合酸雨和环境监测数据得出,南京市近年酸雨污染趋于严重的主要原因是可吸入颗粒物减少和外来污染源的输送影响。     

北方潜流人工湿地处理城市生活污水的应用研究

以沈阳浑南新区潜流人工湿地示范工程为研究对象,对其处理城市生活污水的应用进行研究.结果表明:潜流人工湿地在12个月的试验时间内对城市生活污水具有良好的净化能力.对NH4+-N的去除率平均为95.84％;对COD的去除率平均为99.10％;对SS的去除率平均为100％;对BOD5的去除率平均为96.03％;对TP的去除率平均为87.64％.潜流人工湿地可以显著提高水体的溶解氧含量,调节pH.     

巴丹吉林沙漠与库布齐沙漠植被现状调查

本文通过对巴丹吉林和库布齐两大沙漠的共计12个点位的植被调查显示,两大沙漠植被均以灌木建群,都伴生大量一年生沙生先锋植物;库布齐沙漠植物群落中,多年生草本物种数增加,是群落趋于稳定的表现;库布齐沙漠人工治理力度较大,使得群落生境趋优速度加快。巴丹吉林沙漠植物群落基本处于自然状态。     

基于可靠性统计分析法的制导弹药储存寿命评估

针对制导弹药价格昂贵而无法采用大规模性能试验和实弹射击方法进行可靠性研究的问题,采用可靠性统计分析法对制导弹药储存寿命进行评估。通过建立制导弹药可靠储存寿命模型,并以制导弹药火工品中的待发程控装置为研究对象,运用Bayes法对试验数据出现的＂倒挂＂现象进行了修正。依据修正后的试验数据进行计算,得到了在一定置信度下待发程控装置的储存寿命。     

镉水质自动在线监测系统的安装和建设

介绍了中国重金属污染物排放现状和镉水质自动在线监测仪的安装运行现状以及重金属在线监测系统相关规范的制定情况,阐述了镉水质自动在线监测仪的分析原理,对基于不同分析原理的仪器进行了性能检验,对监测站房、排污口建设、仪器安装和调试提出了技术要求,同时针对镉水质自动在线监测系统的安装和建设及其相关规范的制定提出了意见和建议.     

液相色谱法测定底泥中阿特拉津的不确定度评定

摘要：文章采用实验室内部的非标准方法《底泥中阿特拉津残留量的液相色谱测定方法》测定底泥中的阿特拉津残留量。通过对影响测定结果的不确定度分量的分析和量化,求出被测量的标准不确定度,给出各分量对测定结果不确定度的相对贡献,对测定结果进行了表述。对实际河道底泥样品中的阿特拉津残留量进行了测定,得到阿特拉津农药残留量的拓展不确定度为0．23ug/g,k=2。