再生水中微量有毒有害污染物的初步筛查

采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等方法对5个污水处理厂再生水中的162种微量有毒有害污染物进行了评价。在各种污染物中,酚类、酞酸酯、类固醇激素和金属类物质被检出。酚类物质的质量浓度为0.01~148 ng/L,符合地表水环境质量标准,但三氯生、双酚A仍存在一定的生态风险;酞酸酯类物质的质量浓度为0.1~0.45μg/L,符合地表水环境质量标准;类固醇激素的质量浓度为0.5~30 ng/L,具有内分泌干扰效应,需优先控制;金属类物质的质量浓度为1~27μg/L,满足污水排放标准和地表水环境质量标准。     

普通高等院校餐厅清洁生产措施探讨

高校餐厅作为在校师生的饮食场所,是高校建设的一个重要环节,其运行管理好坏直接影响到高校的整体形象,而清洁生产的实施是衡量其运行管理指标之一。以西安市某高校餐厅为例,采用问卷调查和实地调查法,运用Spass软件对数据进行处理分析,并针对餐厅消耗品、餐厅设施、餐厅饭菜、餐厅员工、餐厅厨余等提出清洁生产措施。结果表明：（1）通过清洁生产,该餐厅平均每年能够节约电费1.67万元,减少劳务成本约5.52万元,一次性消耗品增收6.75万元,共产生经济效益13.64万元,并减少10%上的剩菜剩饭;（2）通过清洁生产,提高了饭菜质量、降低了饭菜价格,吸引更多的学生到餐厅就餐,增加了餐厅收入,改善了餐厅的环境。因此,实施高校清洁生产,对于减轻学校的财政压力、建立环境友好型社会具有重要的意义。     

Accumulation and relationship of metals in different soil aggregate fractions along soil profiles

Different aggregates vary in their ability to retain or adsorb metals in soil. Five soil profiles were sampled from different soil horizons and grouped, and the concentrations of Al, Mg,Ca, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu and Pb were determined in six sizes of aggregates(> 2, 2-1, 1-0.6, 0.6-0.25,0.25-0.053, < 0.053 mm). Significantly high(p < 0.05) structural stability indexes(SSI) and aggregate stability indexes(ASI) were recorded in the topsoil horizon, which may be attributed to the high soil organi...     

中国食品企业环境友好现状分析——以河南、四川与青海三省为例

近年来,中国食品企业发展迅猛,受经济利益驱使不断扩大生产,大肆掠夺自然界的资源,导致诸多企业可持续发展能力不断下降。对此,引入层次分析法(AHP)对中国食品工业大省——河南、四川和青海省的环境友好情况评价指标的权重进行确定,并通过各指标的线性加权,对该地食品企业的环境友好状况进行量化,与全国食品企业环境友好状况进行比对,以期了解中国食品工业大省的环境友好现状,并希望通过采取有效措施加强企业生产环境控制,提升社会效益。     

汞、铅、铬污染土壤的微生物修复

利用裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)GGHN08-116菌株,以棉籽壳、玉米秸等为固体发酵底物修复受汞、铅、铬污染的土壤。通过菌丝穿透重度重金属土壤实验,研究了菌丝在穿透土壤过程对交换态重金属的影响以及该菌株子实体对重金属离子的富集能力,同时,通过盆栽实验研究了在重度重金属污染土壤上,施用不同比例的固体发酵料对污染土壤中汞、铅、铬及其胡萝卜根茎质量、产量的影响,研究结果表明,该菌株能穿透厚度为5 cm的土壤,并有子实体生成,土壤pH值略有下降,与对照差异不显著;与对照相比,土壤中交换态汞、铬含量均显著下降,而交换态铅差异不显著,子实体中除汞含量符合标准外,铅、铬均超出了GB 7096-2003,GB 2762-2005规定标准。在固体发酵料处理下土壤中交换态汞、铅、铬含量均显著下降,胡萝卜根茎中均未检测到汞、铅含量,铬含量也符合GB 2762-2005规定标准。GGHN08-116菌株及其固体发酵产物具有修复受重金属污染土壤的能力。     

Risk assessment of cadmium intake via food among residents in the mining-affected areas of Nandan County,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study investigated the dietary structure, Cadmium (Cd) contents in foods and exposure to Cd through diets of the residents in the mining-affected areas...     

Source separation of municipal solid waste: The effects of different separation methods and citizens’ inclination—case study of Changsha,China

A case study on the source separation of municipal solid waste (MSW) was performed in Changsha, the capital city of Hunan Province, China. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of different separation methods and compare their effects with citizens’ attitudes and inclination. An effect evaluation method based on accuracy rate and miscellany rate was proposed to study the performance of different separation methods. A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted to determine citizens’ attitudes and inclination toward source separation. Survey result shows that the vast majority of respondents hold consciously positive attitudes toward participation in source separation. Moreover, the respondents ignore the operability of separation methods and would rather choose the complex separation method involving four or more subclassed categories. For the effects of separation methods, the site experiment result demonstrates that the relatively simple separation method involving two categories (food waste and other waste) achieves the best effect with the highest accuracy rate (83.1%) and the lowest miscellany rate (16.9%) among the proposed experimental alternatives. The outcome reflects the inconsistency between people’s environmental awareness and behavior. Such inconsistency and conflict may be attributed to the lack of environmental knowledge. Environmental education is assumed to be a fundamental solution to improve the effect of source separation of MSW in Changsha. Important management tips on source separation, including the reformation of the current pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) system, are presented in this work.

Implications: A case study on the source separation of municipal solid waste was performed in Changsha. An effect evaluation method based on accuracy rate and miscellany rate was proposed to study the performance of different separation methods. The site experiment result demonstrates that the two-category (food waste and other waste) method achieves the best effect. The inconsistency between people’s inclination and the effect of source separation exists. The proposed method can be expanded to other cities to determine the most effective separation method during planning stages or to evaluate the performance of running source separation systems.     

纳米TiO2/EP光催化降解罗丹明B废水的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩(EP)负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B(RB)的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。     

模拟升温对沉水植物生长及磷迁移的影响

通过构建2组人工配置沉水植物群落,以增温5℃增温组模拟微宇宙环境暖化,通过沉水植物的存活率、相对生长速率、优势度、多样性指数等来研究暖化对沉水植物生长及物种多样性的影响;同时通过上覆水各形态磷、沉积物各形态磷的测定来研究气候暖化条件下2种人工配置沉水植物群落对磷迁移的影响。研究表明,极端高温不利于人工配置Ⅱ(金鱼藻占60%,黑藻和菹草各占20%)的生长,但秋冬季暖化可延长沉水植物的生长期,总体来看其相对生长速率、存活率未受影响。气候暖化降低了物种多样性,不利于沉水植物群落稳定。对于磷迁移,钙磷(Ca-P)在增温条件下高于未增温条件下。     

Arsenic exposure increased expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro

Arsenic is an environmental contaminant, its multiple effects on human tend to increase the rate of disease, cancer and other health problems. Some of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be induced in major cellular processes such as necrosis, proliferation, and mutation. While the toxicity of arsenic is well established, the association between arsenic exposure and long non-coding RNAs has not been studied enough. This study investigated the association between arsenic and the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 in vivo and vitro. In epidemiological studies, the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 was increased after long-term arsenic exposure. HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression were positively linked to monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), inorganic arsenic (iAs), total arsenic (tAs), and MMA% and negatively linked to secondary methylation index (SMI). In A549 cells, arsenic exposure resulted in enhanced HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression dose-dependently. The expression of HOTAIR was considerably high in the presence of NaAsO₂ and MMA but showed no difference in DMA compared with control group. And LincRNA-p21 expression was increased in the presence of NaAsO₂, MMA, and DMA. The expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 induced by iAs was much higher than that induced by MMA and DMA. Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO₂/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO₂/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. The expression of LincRNA-p21 in combination of NaAsO₂/GSH was significantly decreased compared with NaAsO₂ alone. Besides, in the presence of arsenic, both of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 were upregulated significantly when P53 was knocked down. We revealed that inorganic arsenic, its methylated metabolites, and arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the expression of HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21.