便携式NDIR烟气分析仪在烧结炉CEMS二氧化硫比对测试中的应用研究

采用微流传感器的便携式非分散红外（NDIR）烟气分析仪具有测量精度高,运行稳定,抗干扰能力强,使用寿命长等优点,目前应用广泛。参考HJ／T46—1999{定电位电解法二氧化硫测定仪技术条件》要求,对便携式非分散红外（NDIR）烟气分析仪进行实验室性能测试,结果显示各项技术指标均符合标准要求。在钢铁烧结炉排放烟气含湿量与CO浓度较高的环境下,便携式非分散红外（NDIR）烟气分析仪与定电位电解法分析仪进行现场比对,结果显示该方法可以更加有效地去除H2O等各项干扰,适用于手工比对测试。     

火车站旅客疏散行为统计分析及应用研究

本文通过随机向车站内旅客发放问卷并对调查数据统计分析,得到了火车站旅客的基本特征、安全疏散的知识水平及疏散行为的基础数据,据此分析了旅客的性别、年龄、安全疏散知识水平对疏散行为的影响。从而设置计算机模拟参数以及制定合理的火车站人员疏散策略提供参考。     

Removal of F− and organic matter from coking wastewater by coupling dosing FeCl3 and AlCl3

Coagulation and precipitation is a widely applied method to remove F^? from wastewater. In this work, the effect of coagulation on the removal of F^? and organic matter from coking wastewater was studied using AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ as compound coagulants. The removal rates of F^? and organic matter under different coagulant doses and pH conditions were investigated. The results show that the highest removal rates of F^? by AlCl₃ and FeCl₃ are 94.4% and 25.4%, respectively; when the dosage is 10 mmol/L, the TOC removal rates of FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ reach 20.4% and 34.7%, respectively. Therefore, the removal rate of F^? by AlCl₃ is higher than that of FeCl₃, but the removal rate of organic matter by FeCl₃ is relatively higher. The addition of Ca²⁺ can promote the removal of F^?, but the removal rate of organic matter decreases. In addition, by investigating the effects of different pH and Fe–Al ratio on the removal rate, the removal effect of adding FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ at the same time was discussed. The results show that the most suitable working condition for the removal of organic matter and F^? is that the pH is 6.5 and the molar ratio of Al/Fe is 8:2. Overall, the removal mechanism of F^? and organic matter in coking wastewater by FeCl₃ and AlCl₃ was explored in this study. The experimental results can provide reference for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater.     

黔中木本植物叶功能性状对退化喀斯特土壤特性的响应

研究不同退化背景下优势木本植物功能性状的适应机制,有助于从功能生态学的角度来解释喀斯特山区的群落演替过程。本研究以贵州普定不同退化背景样地优势木本为研究对象,测定LT、LA、SLA、LDMC、LTD、Chlc6个叶片功能性状指标,分析土壤特性对区域内植被叶片功能性状的作用及影响,揭示喀斯特山区植物对不同环境的适应策略及其演替过程。结果表明:①喀斯特区退化环境下植被叶片向增大化趋势发展,以退耕地经济林最显著;火烧、火烧砍伐、退耕下植被性状差异显著,以LA、LTD、SLA变化范围最大,在相应样地可分别高达121.9%、118.08%、86.00%。②退化样地内叶片性状在乔木、灌木和藤本物种间差异显著,总体上灌木与藤本物种种间变异高于乔木物种,群落处于演替前中期阶段。③不同退化背景下土壤特性差异较大,与植被叶功能性状间具有显著相关性,其中土层深度、土壤养分与土壤含水率是植被叶功能性状的关键土壤特性因子。④退化区域植被叶性状表现出LA大、LT较小、SLA和LTD低、LDMC高、Chlc较低,趋向于发展贫瘠干旱性状组合。揭示了黔中退化喀斯特次生林内在差异性的演替规律,为喀斯特次生林的管理和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。     

新疆生产建设兵团农垦城镇土地等级体系研究

本文建立了新疆生产建设兵团农垦城镇类、等、级及基准地价的城镇土地等级体系,为兵团农垦城镇不同层次的土地管理提供了科学依据,对深化我国土地有偿使用制度改革,建立健全合理的土地市场,实现土地资源资产化等具有较好的理论和实践探索意义。     

Polypropylene microplastics alter the cadmium adsorption capacity on different soil solid fractions

• PP-MPs reduced the adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd in aqueous medium. • The responses of the POM, OMC and mineral fractions to PP-MPs were different. • PP-MPs reduced the adsorption of POM and OMC fractions to Cd. • PP-MPs increased the adsorption of mineral fraction to Cd. • Effect of MPs on soil may be controlled by proportion of POM, OMC and mineral fractions. Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in a variety of environmental media and have attracted more and more attention worldwide. However, the effect of MPs on the the interaction between heavy metals and soil, especially in soil fraction level, is not well understood. In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption characteristics of Cd in bulk soil and three soil fractions (i.e. particulate organic matter (POM), organic-mineral compounds (OMC), and mineral) with or without polypropylene (PP) MPs. The results showed that the addition of PP-MPs reduced the Cd adsorption capacity of the bulk soil in aqueous solution, and the effects varied with PP-MPs dose and aging degree. Whereas, the responses of the three fractions to PP-MPs were different. In presence of PP-MPs, the POM and OMC fractions showed negative adsorption effects, while the mineral fraction showed positive adsorption. For the bulk soil, POM and OMC fractions, the adsorption isotherm fitted to the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model, whereas, the Freundlich isotherm model is more fitted for the mineral fraction. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of the partitioning coefficients, XRD and FTIR results, it was found that OMC fraction extremely likely play a leading role in the bulk soil adsorption of Cd in this study. Overall, the effect of MPs on adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd may be determined by the proportion of POM, OMC, and mineral fractions in the soil, but further confirmation is needed.     

许昌市典型区域土壤磁化率与有机质含量的相关性研究

为探讨土壤磁化率对有机质含量的指示作用,对许昌市典型区域土壤磁化率与有机质含量的相关性进行研究,结果显示:研究区域土壤样品Xlf变化范围在15×10~(-8)~125×10~(-8)m~3/kg,平均值为64×10~(-8)m~3/kg,说明研究区土壤样品中磁性矿物含量较低。Xfd值在4.67%~26.67%之间,平均值为10.02%,反映了样品中超顺磁颗粒含量很高,说明研究区域土壤磁性矿物主要由自然成土作用形成,现代工业生产活动和人类的生活活动贡献较小。土壤有机质含量范围为3.74~31.93 g/kg,均值为17.09 g/kg。研究区域土壤磁化率与有机质含量呈不显著正相关性,反映了在长期人工施肥活动和城市化进程中人类活动导致土壤各理化因子之间发生学联系的弱化。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地污染型气溶胶垂直分布及其潜在来源

采用CALIPSO卫星level2气溶胶廓线产品,分析了2017年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区气溶胶光学厚度、消光系数和气溶胶类型的时空分布特征,并利用HYSPLIT模式研究了秋冬季节污染型气溶胶的输送路径.结果表明：①研究区域内2017年气溶胶光学厚度均值在0.08~0.73之间变化,最大值出现在春季.②气溶胶消光系数分布在0~0.5 km^-1的频率最高,4 km以下的气溶胶消光系数高于4 km以上.春、夏、秋、冬四季气溶胶消光系数廓线的最大值分别为0.350、0.243、0.160、0.356 km^-1,分别出现在1.23、1.41、2.55、1.12 km高度处.③与春夏季相比,秋冬季节出现污染沙尘型气溶胶的频率更高,分别为23.4%、26.9%,污染大陆型气溶胶主要出现在冬季的0~2 km处,烟尘型气溶胶主要出现在秋季的6~8 km处.HYSPLIT模式模拟结果表明,秋冬季节沙漠腹地上空6 km处的污染型气溶胶与阿克苏、喀什等地区有关,2 km处的污染型气溶胶与和田地区有关,其中,喀什地区可能是沙漠腹地上空污染型气溶胶的主要源区.     

基于VOSviewer的国内应急管理研究可视化分析

为更好地了解我国应急管理领域的研究动态,从中国知网CNKI收集4264篇文献进行文献计量学统计,对应急管理领域的发展阶段、文献年发表量、期刊来源以及合作网络进行分析,并应用文献计量学可视化软件VOSviewer绘制作者以及关键词的知识图谱。研究表明,我国应急管理领域研究经历了平稳期、快速增长期、爆发式增长期3个阶段;作者及发文机构之间的合作较为分散,尚未形成较大的核心作者群,机构合作主要分布在南京大学、清华大学、暨南大学和国家行政学院等高校;未来研究可能在应急管理体系、应急管理体制、自然灾害和公共卫生事件等方面呈现多元化、精细化以及科技化趋势。     

基于病毒宏基因组学鉴定水环境中噬菌体携带的新型耐药基因及其耐药特点分析

水环境作为耐药基因的存储库，为耐药基因的水平转移和新型耐药基因的产生提供重要场所.但到目前为止，对水环境中病毒携带耐药基因的特征及其功能还知之甚少.因此以南四湖和东平湖为研究对象，利用病毒宏基因组学结合体外实验的方法探讨水环境中病毒携带新型耐药基因的情况及其耐药特点.通过分析病毒基因组的片段（reads）和重叠群（contigs），鉴定出多种耐药基因，包括AAC（6’）、Qnr A、Van Y、Vat和β-内酰胺酶基因.值得关注的是，通过核心序列比对和进化分析，挖掘出两种噬菌体携带的新型β-内酰胺酶基因bla_NSDPV-1和bla_NSVM-1.最小抑菌浓度试验表明，这两种编码新型β-内酰胺酶的耐药基因对临床常用头孢类和碳青霉烯类抗生素具有一定的耐药性.综上所述，水环境中噬菌体很可能在新型耐药基因的产生和耐药基因散播中起着重要的作用.另外，病毒宏基因组学结合体外实验是发现噬菌体携带新型耐药基因的重要方法.