崇明岛土壤中MCCPs的污染水平、组成与来源研究

用GC-ECNI-MS测定了崇明岛土壤中24种中链氯化石蜡(MCCPs)同类物组的含量.目的是了解该地区土壤中MCCPs的污染水平、空间分布、组成特征和来源.结果表明MCCPs在崇明岛土壤中普遍存在,浓度范围为2.56~96.3 ng·g-1,中值为7.32 ng·g-1.聚类分析将所有样品分为两类.大多数土壤样品MCCPs以C14-MCCPs和C15-MCCPs为主要碳同类物组,分别占29.8%和28.9%;Cl5-MCCPs和Cl6-MCCPs为主要氯同类物组,分别占29.9%和23.3%;个别样品中,C14-MCCPs是主要碳同类物组,占68.5%,与CP-52的组成相似.大气沉降和土壤-大气交换可能是崇明岛土壤中MCCPs主要来源,个别点可能受到污水处理厂污泥或其他不明污染源的污染.MCCPs与TOC之间没有显著统计相关性.因子分析表明4种MCCPs的碳同类物组具有相似的来源.与国内外其它研究相比,崇明岛土壤中MCCPs处于较低水平.     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

基于响应面法优化污水中雌酮的固相萃取条件

为提高污水样品中雌酮(E1)的固相萃取回收率,应用响应面法(RSM)对影响固相萃取的关键参数进行了优化,建立了固相萃取回收率的二次多项式模型,分析了模型有效性和因子交互作用,确定了最佳固相萃取条件;并对实际污水处理厂进、出水样品中的E1进行了固相萃取和浓度检测。结果表明,影响E1固相萃取回收率的因素重要性依次为:洗脱体积>进样速率>洗脱速率。最佳固相萃取条件为:洗脱体积11.15 mL;进样速率10.62mL/min;洗脱速率4.15 mL/min;在此条件下,预测回收率最大可达81.82%。分别采用SBR、氧化沟和A2/O工艺的3座污水处理厂进水E1浓度分别为36.8⁸9.0、24.189.0、24.1²8.4和27.828.4和27.8⁵8.1 ng/L,对应去除率分别为62.8%58.1 ng/L,对应去除率分别为62.8%⁷7.0%、49.3%77.0%、49.3%⁶3.6%和56.1%63.6%和56.1%⁷4.9%。3种污水处理工艺对E1均有一定的去除能力,但出水中残余E1仍远超过预测无效应浓度。     

广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻及根系土硒含量特征

应用原子荧光光度法对广西北部湾沿海经济区水稻和根系土中的硒含量进行了测试。研究了水稻中硒含量与根系土中硒含量以及土壤性质之间关系。结果表明:研究区水稻中硒含量在0.021～0.335mg/kg之间,平均值为0.074mg/kg,标准差0.045,样品数为70件;根系土中硒含量变化范围为0.167～1.328mg/kg,平均值为0.620mg/kg,标准差0.230,样品数为70件。高于世界土壤表层平均值和全国表层土壤平均值,相关分析结果表明,根系土中S、有机质、P、C、N不利于水稻对硒的吸收,高CaO含量和pH有利于硒的吸收。土壤全硒量不是控制水稻硒水平的最主要因素。     

常州市住宅小区生态环境质量评价初探

建立了以大气环境质量、物理环境质量、建筑环境质量及生态环境质量4个评价指标和13个评价因子为主的住宅小区生态环境质量评价体系,通过对常州市6个典型住宅小区的监测评价,了解了目前常州市住宅小区生态环境质量状况,揭示了影响居民住宅小区生态环境质量的主要因素,并相应地提出了建议。     

Site location optimization of regional air quality monitoring network in China: methodology and case study

Regional air quality monitoring networks (RAQMN) are urgently needed in China due to increasing regional air pollution in city clusters, arising from rapid economic development in recent decades. This paper proposes a methodological framework for site location optimization in designing a RAQMN adapting to air quality management practice in China. The framework utilizes synthetic assessment concentrations developed from simulated data from a regional air quality model in order to simplify the optimal process and to reduce costs. On the basis of analyzing various constraints such as cost and budget, terrain conditions, administrative district, population density and spatial coverage, the framework takes the maximum approximate degree as an optimization objective to achieve site location optimization of a RAQMN. An expert judgment approach was incorporated into the framework to help adjust initial optimization results in order to make the network more practical and representative. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of the framework, indicating that it is feasible to conduct site optimization for a RAQMN design in China. The effects of different combinations of primary and secondary pollutants on site location optimization were investigated. It is suggested that the network design considering both primary and secondary pollutants could better represent regional pollution characteristics and more extensively reflect temporal and spatial variations of regional air quality. The work shown in this study can be used as a reference to guide site location optimization of a RAQMN design in China or other regions of the world.     

平遥双林寺彩塑——另类曲线美

平遥双林寺彩塑是一种以佛教为题材、世俗形象的民间艺术。彩塑塑造方法虽然也是写实主义,但却有独特的塑造风格,民间艺人采用夸张的曲线线条来体现一种力量型的另类曲线美感。以天王殿四大金刚及著名的千佛殿里韦驮做主要的观察对象,探讨了平遥双林寺彩塑独特的塑造技术和对线条音律的运用能力。