Fe0-PRB去除Cr(Ⅵ)反应动力学及影响机制

零价铁渗透式反应墙技术(zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier,Fe~0-PRB)是近年来兴起的一项高效经济的地下水原位修复技术,被成功应用于地下水Cr(Ⅵ)污染的场地修复中.针对Fe~0-PRB去除Cr(Ⅵ)的反应影响机制开展研究,从动力学角度揭示零价铁去除Cr(Ⅵ)的环境条件响应规律,获得描述零价铁去除Cr(Ⅵ)的反应动力学模型.考察了地下水常见离子对Cr(Ⅵ)去除的影响,发现地下水中氯离子通过影响电子传递影响Cr(Ⅵ)去除,硫酸根、镁离子通过参与反应影响Cr(Ⅵ)去除,碳酸氢根通过参与反应和影响电子传递共同影响Cr(Ⅵ)去除,钙离子对Cr(Ⅵ)去除影响不大.研究结果为Fe~0-PRB去除Cr(Ⅵ)的工艺参数优化提供方法和理论依据.     

Towards a better hydraulic cleaning strategy for ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acid: Effect of backwash water composition

As a routine measurement to alleviate membrane fouling, hydraulic cleaning is of great significance for the steady operation of ultrafiltration (UF) systems in water treatment processes. In this work, a comparative study was performed to investigate the effects of the composition of backwash water on the hydraulic cleaning performance of UF membranes fouled by humic acid (HA). Various types of backwash water, including UF permeate, Milli-Q water, NaCl solution, CaCl₂ solution and HA solution, were compared in terms of hydraulically irreversible fouling index, total surface tension and residual HA. The results indicated that Milli-Q water backwash was superior to UF permeate backwash in cleaning HA-fouled membranes, and the backwash water containing Na⁺ or HA outperformed Milli-Q water in alleviating HA fouling. On the contrary, the presence of Ca^2 + in backwash water significantly decreased the backwash efficiency. Moreover, Ca^2 + played an important role in foulant removal, and the residual HA content closely related to the residual Ca^2 + content. Mechanism analysis suggested that the backwash process may involve fouling layer swelling, ion exchange, electric double layer release and competitive complexation. Ion exchange and competitive complexation played significant roles in the efficient hydraulic cleaning associated with Na⁺ and HA, respectively.     

新时期沿黄省会城市商业空间结构及其空间服务能力

在“黄河战略”和推动供给侧结构性改革的双重背景下,考察沿黄城市商业空间格局对推动黄河流域城市经济高质量发展意义重大。以沿黄省会城市为例,通过核密度估计、标准差椭圆方法分析其商业空间结构,进而通过叠加分析方法探讨等级商业空间服务能力。结果表明：（1）市区人均社会消费品零售总额自黄河上游到下游总体呈现递增趋势,济南是典型的积极消费型城市;（2）沿黄省会城市商业空间格局呈现出串珠型、单核心型、基础网络型、成熟网络型;（3）城市商业空间结构越成熟,空间服务能力越强,济南市等级商业空间服务能力显著,郑州市最差。研究结果能够为新时期黄河流域高质量发展与国土空间规划提供科学参考。     

平面波导型荧光免疫传感器的研究

研究开发了一种光学免疫传感器——平面波导型荧光免疫传感器系统,建立了传感基片的化学修饰和配基固定化方法,并应用该系统检测了环境小分子污染物2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D).结果表明,检测系统对荧光标记抗体的检测限达到0.01μg/mL.传感基片基本不对蛋白质产生非特异性吸附,而对目标污染物抗体具有很强的特异性响应,采用pH1.9、2mg/mL的胃蛋白酶溶液作为活化剂活化传感基片时,基片连续测定20个周期后性能没有明显下降,具有良好的稳定性.在间接竞争免疫检测模式下得到了检测2,4-D的标准曲线,曲线符合Logistic方程.2,4-D的检测下限为2.0μg/L,定量检测区间为5.0～3000μg/L,满足饮用水中2,4-D的检测要求.     

高强铝合金海洋大气环境剥层腐蚀研究

通过7B04铝合金海洋大气环境户外和棚下暴露试验,研究了7B04铝合金的宏观/微观腐蚀特征及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,7B04铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀表现为点蚀—晶间腐蚀—剥层腐蚀的规律,棚下暴露比户外暴露严重,反面暴露比正面暴露严重。同时,从显微组织、晶间电偶腐蚀、腐蚀产物＂楔入作用＂等方面剖析了7B04铝合金剥层腐蚀的机理。     

科技英语文摘的文体与表达

科技论文的文摘是关系到论文能否被录用、发表及检索的重要因素。文章从文体的角度论述科技文摘的写作与翻译方法及注意问题,指出科技论文摘要应与国际惯例接轨,注意文体的严谨、准确、明了和科学性等问题;并为科技论文文摘撰写提供了重要依据。     

Diffusion effect and learning effect: an examination on MSW recycling

The increase in MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) recycling may attribute to two factors: one is diffusion effect through households' adoption of MSW recycling (an innovative service offered and provided by the government); the other is organizational learning effect due to the reformation of MSW management system (the MSW recycling service provider). The diffusion effect takes place across households through the exchange of information while learning effect occurs through employee's accumulated experience in MSW recycling and the consequent innovation in associated with institutional change within the service provider. In this paper, we develop three models, including (1) the diffusion effect model, (2) the organizational learning effect model, and (3) the interaction model to explain the performance of MSW recycling. Using Taiwan's recyclable waste collected, we show that (1) the diffusion effect and learning effect have significantly impacts on MSW recycling, (2) environmental policy has a significant impact on environmental diffusion and organizational learning, and leads to the accelerating performance of MSW recycling, (3) the interaction of diffusion and organizational learning have a positive impact on MSW recycling performance.     

土壤石油生物降解影响因子正交实验分析

石油污染物进入土壤之后，多种因素同时制约着污染物的生物降解，为了定量化各因素对彼此的影响，探求促进正向作用，抑制负向作用的途径，为各因素制定适宜的施用时间顺序以及施用量，以最大限度地加快降解速度，笔者设计了本文中的复合生物降解实验，结果表明，使用多因素复合处理方法可以在土壤石油处理中收到很好的效果，在土壤石油含量为64g/kg水平下，三周内的降解率可以高达48％，在实验初期，表面活性剂和氧化剂的投加是影响降解速率的重要因素，它们的最优水平均为各受试水平中的最大值，到了实验的中后期，污染强度上升为降解的首要影响因子，并且在受试样品范围内，污染度越大降解率越高。     

乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对A2/O-BCO反硝化除磷及菌群结构的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧和生物接触氧化反应器（A²/O-BCO）组成的反硝化除磷系统处理模拟生活污水,通过调节进水乙酸钠、丙酸钠的配比（乙酸钠：丙酸钠分别为1：0,2：1,1：1,1：2和0：1）,考察了系统对有机物的去除以及同步脱氮除磷的影响,同时通过高通量测序对比了不同配比下微生物菌群结构的变化.结果表明：乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对有机物和NH₄⁺-N的去除影响较小,对厌氧段有机物的消耗和TN的去除率以及磷的释放和吸收影响较为明显;TP去除率仅为50.3%~56.8%,需进一步优化系统的运行参数.当乙酸钠：丙酸钠=1：1时,厌氧段有机物消耗量最大,占有机物流入量的61.2%,厌氧释磷量最大（23.2mg/L）且缺氧吸磷率最高（71.4%）,而TN的去除效果则随丙酸钠含量的增加而增加.高通量测序结果表明：A²/O反应器中微生物多样性降低,混合碳源污泥中微生物多样性比单一碳源更丰富;驯化后的污泥中绿弯菌（Chloroflexi）和螺旋菌（Saccharibacteria）减少,变形菌（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）增加.BCO反应器中Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas总占比为2.1%~31.4%,且抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性,有利于短程硝化的实现.     

沈阳市环保产业市场发展需求与发展策略研究

总结沈阳市环保产业发展的历程和特点,结合环保产业发展的市场需求状况,提出了沈阳市环保产业市场发展途径及策略,以期为环保产业规划编制、政策制定及环保企业发展提供参考。