共代谢膜生物反应器法处理二甲基亚砜废水

采用蔗糖作为共代谢基质与一体式好氧膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺相结合处理二甲基亚砜（DMSO）废水。考察了装置的污泥驯化效果、DMSO去除率、污泥的性能、HRT和冲击负荷对DMSO去除率的影响。试验结果表明：驯化第29天,DMSO去除率达98.5%,表明MBR内的污泥已驯化成功;在MBR运行的正式期,当DMSO处于高负荷状态时,DMSO去除率较低;随蔗糖加入量的增加,DMSO去除率逐渐提高,最终恢复到DMSO高负荷冲击前的DMSO去除效果;正常运行时,装置进水ρ（DMSO）=257~1 448 mg/L（平均值为718 mg/L）、出水ρ（DMSO）=6~22 mg/L（平均值为7 mg/L）,DMSO去除率为96.4%~99.6%（平均值为98.9%）;在MBR运行的正式期,污泥体积指数小于100 mL/g,表明污泥的沉降性能较好,MLVSS/MLSS较高,表明污泥的活性高,MBR内MLSS的平均值为5.52 g/L,MLVSS的平均值为4.78 g/L;MBR适宜的HRT为12 h。     

生物滴滤塔处理氯苯废气的工艺性能

将活性污泥培养及驯化后接种于生物滴滤塔中,挂膜启动后处理模拟氯苯废气（简称氯苯废气）,考察了生物滴滤塔在挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段的性能。实验结果表明：接种41 d后生物滴滤塔成功挂膜,此时氯苯去除率稳定在90%以上;生物滴滤塔稳定运行阶段,随着进气中氯苯质量浓度由303.82 mg/m³逐渐增至1 489.05 mg/m³,氯苯去除率从85.1%降至70.1%。处理氯苯废气适宜的工艺条件为：空塔停留时间超过45 s,喷淋液流量31.8 mL/min,氯苯负荷23.97~128.01 g/（m³·h）。生物滴滤塔对喷淋液的酸性环境有较好的适应性,喷淋液pH的变化对氯苯去除率无显著影响。     

汽车共享对城市温室气体排放的影响

近年来我国居民出行的机动化需求越来越高,而严峻的能源环境挑战使得我们不能按照发达国家的千人小汽车拥有水平来发展机动化。汽车共享是一种新兴的绿色机动化服务模式,既可满足成员的机动化出行需求又可降低私人小汽车保有量和出行量,并会因此减少车辆使用产生的温室气体排放。在上海浦东联洋社区、虹口山阴路社区和天山虹桥社区进行居民问卷调查,统计分析结果表明:拥有车辆数多的家庭加入汽车共享的意愿略低于无车家庭,在被调查者中仅有10%左右的人愿意因为汽车共享放弃现有车辆。当通勤距离超过8 000 m时,被调查者对汽车共享的需求下降,而达到14 000 m以后,对汽车共享的需求会再次上升。当汽车共享的出行费用分别为20元/h,25元/h和30元/h时,日常采购出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为75.28%,60.89%和36.54%;机场出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为79.34%,67.16%和46.86%;休闲出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为85.24%,65.69%和44.28%。计算271份样本的汽车共享效应,得到汽车行驶里程年折减量为228 520 km,费用折减每年1 465 185元,CO2排放年折减61 035 kg。因此,在我国城市中积极引入汽车共享这种环境友好的用车服务,可以解决一部分居民的机动化需求,由此产生的潜在效应对减少城市温室气体排放有显著意义。     

中国银行业环境风险控制体系构建现状分析

银行投资行为导致的环境破坏问题可能给银行带来环境风险。环境风险控制是实现我国金融可持续发展的必然选择。我国银行业环境风险控制体系由四部分组成,其中环境信息收集和传递是环境风险控制的基础,环境风险管理部门建设是环境风险控制业务的保障,环境风险动态评估和管理是环境风险控制的关键,借鉴国际经验和加入国际准则是提升环境风险控制水平的有效途径。本文通过对我国全国性商业银行在环境风险控制领域的举措进行分析,总结我国银行业环境风险控制体系构建的现状和问题。     

Use of fugacity model to analyze temperature-dependent removal of micro-contaminants in sewage treatment plants

Effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) are known to contain residual micro-contaminants including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) despite the utilization of various removal processes. Temperature alters the efficacy of removal processes; however, experimental measurements of EDC removal at various temperatures are limited. Extrapolation of EDC behavior over a wide temperature range is possible using available physicochemical property data followed by the correction of temperature dependency. A level II fugacity-based STP model was employed by inputting parameters obtained from the literature and estimated by the US EPA’s Estimations Programs Interface (EPI) including EPI’s BIOWIN for temperature-dependent biodegradation half-lives. EDC removals in a three-stage activated sludge system were modeled under various temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for representative compounds of various properties. Sensitivity analysis indicates that temperature plays a significant role in the model outcomes. Increasing temperature considerably enhances the removal of β-estradiol, ethinyestradiol, bisphenol, phenol, and tetrachloroethylene, but not testosterone with the highest biodegradation rate. The shortcomings of BIOWIN were mitigated by the correction of highly temperature-dependent biodegradation rates using the Arrhenius equation. The model predicts well the effects of operating temperature and HRTs on the removal via volatilization, adsorption, and biodegradation. The model also reveals that an impractically long HRT is needed to achieve a high EDC removal. The STP model along with temperature corrections is able to provide some useful insight into the different patterns of STP performance, and useful operational considerations relevant to EDC removal at winter low temperatures.     

企业环境管理制度优化及其信息系统框架设计研究

污染源大数据是环保大数据的重要组成部分,然而在以环境管理制度为基础的污染源数据管理过程中,一直存在制度衔接不流畅、数据不共享等诸多问题。本文调研考察了现有各项环境管理制度的衔接情况,提出以排污许可制度为核心,通过与其他环境管理制度有效衔接,实现环境管理的各个环节的有效覆盖。通过SWOT分析法对基于"一证式"改革的环境管理制度优化方案的可行性和必要性进行了深入分析,并以排污许可证为核心,设计企业环境管理信息系统框架。试生产与竣工环保验收实效不足,可转为企业自行备案;将环评审批结论纳入排污许可证,可大幅度减轻企业相关环境管理业务人员的负担。环境管理制度的优化必须建立在部门职能转变与整合之上;同时,还必须获得国家层面的立法与行政的支持;社会舆论的关注与支持也将推动环境管理制度优化的进程。以排污许可证管理为核心的信息系统框架可以有效实现污染源排放信息整合共享。     

城镇杂用再生水的水质安全评价关键指标探讨

污水再生利用是解决中国淡水资源短缺的有效途径,再生水的水质安全问题一直以来受到广泛关注.以城镇杂用再生水的水质安全为目标,从再生水中残留的化学污染物和病原微生物出发,通过全面分析污染物在回用过程中危害人体健康和生态环境的可能途径,结合当前国内外城镇杂用水的水质标准,提出了包括综合毒性指标、生物学指标、可吸附有机卤化物指标、挥发性有机物指标等在内的城镇杂用再生水水质安全评价关键指标.     

气候变暖威胁港口生存

圣马可广场在历史上一直是威尼斯的政治、宗教和节庆中心,是威尼斯所有重要政府机构的所在地,自从19世纪以来是大主教的驻地,它同时也是许多威尼斯节庆选择的举办地。潮水上涨后的圣马可广场。     

应用带电检测技术对开关柜早期缺陷的诊断

针对高压开关柜早期局部放电缺陷发现率低,故障信号源定性困难,定位准确率差的问题,结合现场实际案例进行分析,提出了基于暂态低电压、特高频和超声波的带电检测方法及幅值定位法和时差定位法的定位技术。应用结果表明:带电检测技术能够在开关柜早期缺陷诊断中发挥重大作用,并有利于设备状态评价与检修工作的开展。     

Effect of electrokinetic property of charged polyether sulfone membrane on bovine serum albumin fouling behavior

Negatively charged carboxymethylated polyethersulfone (CMPES) and positively charged quaternized polyethersulfone (QAPES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by bulk chemical modification and non-solvent induced phase separation method. The effects of PES membrane interfacial electrokinetic property on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane fouling behavior were studied with the aid of the membrane-modified colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. Electrokinetic test results indicated that the streaming potential (ΔE) of QAPES membrane was not consistent with its expected IEC value, however, within the pH range of 3–10, the ζ potentials of two charged-modified PES membranes were more stable than the unmodified membrane. When pH value was 3, 4.7 or 9, the interaction behavior between charged PES membrane and BSA showed that there was significant linear correlation between the jump distance r ₀ of membrane-BSA adhesion force (F/R) and the ζ potential absolute value. Charged modification significantly reduced the adhesion of PES membrane-BSA, and the adhesion data was good linear correlated with the flux decline rate in BSA filtration process, especially reflected in the CMPES membrane. The above experimental facts proved that the charged membrane interfacial electric double layer structure and its electrokinetic property had strong ties with the protein membrane fouling behavior.

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