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101.
Lino J. Alvarez-Vázquez Gerardo Casal Aurea Martínez Miguel E. Vázquez-Méndez 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(4):279-289
In this work, we propose a technique to automatically optimize the monitoring of any distributed indicator (concentration of a substance along a river, blood pressure of a patient over time, etc.) for which a reliable estimate is previously available. From a mathematical point of view, the problem is based on obtaining a reliable estimate of the chosen indicator (e.g., by numerical simulation), and then solving a multi-objective optimization problem (with mixed real and integer variables) whose solution must provide an efficient and satisfactory monitoring strategy. As an illustrative case, we show the steps to follow in order to implement that strategy when designing a system for monitoring water quality in a river. Finally, we present and analyze the results when applying the proposed technique to study a real case in the Neuse River (North Carolina, USA). 相似文献
102.
Celis-Murillo Antonio Schelsky Wendy Benson Thomas J. Louder Matthew I. M. Ward Michael P. 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2017,71(2):1-9
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - ᅟMales of fiddler crabs (genus: Uca) construct courtship structures using mud or sand to attract mate-searching females for underground mating. A sensory... 相似文献
103.
Daniela Zingaretti Miguel Angel Lominchar Iason Verginelli Aurora Santos Renato Baciocchi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(18):22225-22234
In this study, we investigate the performance of a Fenton-like process carried out adding as amendments humic acids extracted from compost obtained from or 相似文献
104.
Linice Vasconcelos Cavalcante Bonaparte Antonio Tavernard Pereira Neto Luis Gonzaga Sales Vasconcelos Romildo Pereira Brito José Jaílson Nicácio Alves 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2010,88(5):372-379
This is a case study of contamination by a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) that leaked from a chemical plant. The remediation procedure adopted for the initial phase of the plume migration was a plastic diaphragm wall coupled with a series of water extraction wells designed to avoid environmental impact on the surrounding ecosystems. Monitoring has shown that the containment is successful, and additional measures that contribute to accelerating remediation have been adopted. The authors wished to investigate how remediation might be further enhanced. The use of in situ aeration coupled with a system of soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE) has been chosen, since the remediation of sites with characteristics similar to those in this study, if based exclusively on dissolved-phase control, would take several decades to be completed. The transport of contaminant plumes has been simulated by using an analytical model to evaluate the effectiveness of the natural attenuation of the contaminant. The results of the simulation have confirmed the limited effectiveness of the natural attenuation of the contaminant, as well as the effective increase of remediation that would occur if the AS/SVE system is applied. A sensitivity analysis that included several combinations of increments of parameters that correspond to the decay rate of the source and the dissolved plume has simulated what might happen if the AS/SVE system is implemented. 相似文献
105.
Reeve E Ndriantsoa SH Strauss A Randrianiaina RD Rasolonjatovo Hiobiarilanto T Glaw F Glos J Vences M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(2):135-143
Acoustic communication is widespread among adult stages of terrestrial animals and fish and has also been observed in insect larvae. We report underwater acoustic communication in the larvae of a frog, Gephyromantis azzurrae, from Isalo, a sandstone massif in western Madagascar. According to our field data, these tadpoles live in streams and prefer habitats characterized by comparatively low temperatures, shallow water depth, and a relatively fast current. Feeding experiments indicated that the tadpoles are carnivorous and macrophagous. They consumed insect larvae and, to a lesser extent, small shrimps, and conspecific as well as heterospecific tadpoles. Calls of these tadpoles consisted either of single click notes or of irregular series of various clicks. Some complex calls have a pulsed structure with three to nine indistinct energy pulses. Production of the pulses coincided with rapid closure of the jaw sheaths and often with an upward movement of the body. Calls were emitted while attacking prey and occurred significantly more often when attacking conspecifics. Tadpoles that had not been fed for some time emitted sounds more frequently than those that had been regularly fed. The spectral frequency of the calls differed in tadpole groups of different size and was higher in groups of smaller tadpoles, suggesting that spectral frequency carries some information about tadpole size which might be important during competitive feeding to assess size and strength of competitors. This report differs from those for the larvae of South American horned frogs, Ceratophrys ornata. These are the only other tadpoles for which sound production has reliably been reported but the calls of Ceratophrys tadpoles occur mainly in a defensive context. 相似文献
106.
107.
The apparent water solubility of pentachlorophenol was measured at pH=6 and at 25 degrees C in pure water, aqueous solutions of three salts (NaCl, KNO(3) and CaCl(2) at 0.010, 0.10 and 1.0M) and in aqueous solutions of three fulvic acids samples extracted from a natural soil (sFA), composted sewage sludge (csFA) and composted livestock's material (lsFA). A solubility enhancement method was developed for the measurement of partition coefficients (K(oc), L/kg organic carbon). Pentachlorophenol associates strongly with the fulvic acid samples and the calculated K(oc) were the following (averages and standard deviations): (sFA) (211+/-22) x 10(2), (csFA) (253+/-26) x 10(2), (lsFA) (235+/-10) x 10(2). For comparison purposes the K(oc) for pyrene were also calculated for the three FA samples and were the following: (sFA) (119+/-10) x 10(2), (csFA) (239+/-21) x 10(2), (lsFA) (92+/-10) x 10(2). The analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) of the effect of the type of FA sample on the solubilization of pentachlorophenol and pyrene shows that this factor causes significant differences on the aqueous solubilization of these two organic substances. 相似文献
108.
Almeida CA Quintar S González P Mallea MA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):459-465
A study of the water quality of the Potrero de los Funes River (San Luis – Argentina) was carried out in order to evaluate
the possible effect of the anthropogenic activities on the river developed in the homonymous town. Samples were collected
during the period March 2000–November 2005 at three selected sampling sites (RP1, RP2 and RP3). Different physicochemical and bacteriological parameters (turbidity, pH, conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity, potassium,
sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biological oxygen
demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and total heterotrophic bacteria) were analysed according to the Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
When comparing the values of total coliforms, E. coli, total heterotrophic bacteria, COD, BOD5 and phosphates from the zone without anthropogenic influence (RP1) and the urban zones (RP2 and RP3) an important variation in the parameters was observed. These results indicate that the urban activity produces a serious
and negative effect on the water quality, thus constituting a sanitary risk and may have a major impact on the trophic status
of the Potrero de los Funes dam. As case study, we report on the use of General Quality Index (GQI) to evaluate spatial and
seasonal changes in the water quality of Potrero de los Funes River. Results revealed a significant degradation of the water
quality at RP2 and RP3. 相似文献
109.
110.
The use of construction waste materials as aggregates for concrete production is highly attractive compared to the use of non-renewable natural resources, promoting environmental protection and allowing the development of a new raw material. Several countries have recommendations for the use of recycled coarse aggregate in structural concrete, whereas the use of the fine fraction is limited because it may produce significant changes in some properties of concrete. However, during the last decade the use of recycled fine aggregates (RFA) has achieved a great international interest, mainly because of economic implications related to the shortage of natural sands suitable for the production of concrete, besides to allow an integral use of this type of waste. In this study, the durable behaviour of structural concretes made with different percentage of RFA (0%, 20%, and 30%) is evaluated. Different properties related to the durability of concretes such as absorption, sorptivity, water penetration under pressure, and carbonation are determined. In addition, the results of compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage are presented. The obtained results indicate that the recycled concretes have a suitable resistant and durable behaviour, according to the limits indicated by different international codes for structural concrete. 相似文献