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941.
Water quality assessment, by statistical analysis, on rural and urban areas of Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto), Córdoba, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eduardo A. Gatica César A. Almeida Miguel A. Mallea Maria C. del Corigliano Patricia González 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7257-7274
Water quality has degraded dramatically in the Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina) due to point and non-point sources. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of physical and chemical parameters of the river. Six sampling sites and six sampling campaigns were developed. During the period 2007–2008, wet and dry seasons were included. A statistical analysis was carried out with 23 physical and chemical variables. Then, a new statistical analysis was carried out including the Riparian Corridors Quality Index and the physical and chemical variables (24 variables). Considering a multivariate system, analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used. From the statistical analysis, the river was divided into two zones with different degrees of contamination. The most polluted zone is due to pollution inputs of urban, industrial and agricultural sources. This area showed a remarkable deterioration in water quality, mainly due to wastewater discharges. According to Riparian Quality, better results were found in sections of poor water quality, due to the fact that the river bank forest was less degraded downstream of the sewage discharge. 相似文献
942.
Maria João Rocha Catarina Cruzeiro Mário Reis Miguel Ângelo Pardal Eduardo Rocha 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3337-3350
The Mondego River estuary demonstrates signs of pollution, but the levels of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as the natural (17β-estradiol and estrone) and pharmaceutical (17α-ethynylestradiol) estrogens, xenoestrogenic industrial pollutants (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and their mono- and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, and genistein), and sitosterol were either poorly or never measured in this area. Thus, to conclude about the influx of EDCs in this estuary, water samples were taken every 2 months, during 1 year (2010) in low tide, at eight sites distributed along the estuary. Water samples (1 L) were preconcentrated in the Oasis HLB cartridges and cleaned in silica cartridges before their analysis by GC-MS. In summer, potentially hazardous amounts of estrogens (≈26 ng L?1), alkylphenols (≈11.5 μg L?1), alkylphenolethoxylates (≈13 μg L?1), and phytoestrogens (≈5.6 μg L?1) were measured. These data suggest that changes in the hydrodynamics of the estuary coupled with the increase of water temperatures interfere with the amount of EDCs in the water. Complementary physicochemical parameters also point to high levels of anthropogenic pollution in this area. Globally, the estrogenic load, expressed in ethynylestradiol equivalents, attained 71.8 ng L?1 demonstrating that, all together, the measured EDCs pose important health risks for both biota and humans. 相似文献
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945.
Peña-García A de Oña Lopez R Espín Estrella A Aznar Dols F Calvo Poyo FJ Molero Mesa E de Oña López J 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(5):385-389
Introduction
This article describes one experiment that studied the influence of Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) on pedestrian detection of turn indicators.Method
An experimental device including one DRL and one turn indicator was used in order to determine Visual Reaction Times (VRT) of 148 observers in different situations involving turn indicator activation. Such situations were combinations of three main variables: color of DRL, separation between DRL and Turn Indicator, and observation angle.Results
Significant changes in VRT were found depending on the configurations above, especially the observation angle and the color of DRL. This second result demonstrates that amber DRLs inhibit the detection of Turn Indicators.Impact on industry
One of the main targets of this paper is to recommend that carmakers introduce only white DRLs on new vehicles. We also intend to advise regulatory bodies working on automotive regulation about the consequences of allowing amber DRLs and also about the danger of introducing constrains on the distance between DRL and Turn Indicator without further experimental evidences. 相似文献946.
This article introduces a management tool for salmon farming, with a scope in the local sustainability of salmon aquaculture
of the Aysen Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. Based on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) principles, the tool combines a
large 3-level nested hydrodynamic model, a particle tracking module and a GIS application into an assessment tool for particulate
waste dispersal of salmon farming activities. The model offers an open source alternative to particulate waste modeling and
evaluation, contributing with valuable information for local decision makers in the process of locating new facilities and
monitoring stations. 相似文献
947.
Staccione Andrea Mysiak Jaroslav Ostoich Marco Marcomini Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25749-25761
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Making good environmental damage caused by industrial accidents and restoring impaired ecosystems may be associated with high costs. The European... 相似文献
948.
Denis A. Coelho Carla S.D. Tavares Tânia M. Lima Miguel L. Lourenço 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):475-486
Introduction. The effect of different kinds of work on the psychosocial assessment of workers under the same management and organizational environment is investigated. Methods. A voluntary assessment in a utility company was carried out using the short version of the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (CoPsoQ) on two occasions, 1.5 years apart. Initially, 25 office workers (11 men and 14 women) participated, while 14 of those workers (8 women and 6 men) participated in the second assessment together with 32 field workers. The sewage, water treatment and maintenance workers, totaling 32 men, also participated in a field ergonomics assessment using the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries field work ergonomic checklist. Results. The longitudinal outlook was fairly stable, with sustained severe scores in many CoPsoQ subscales and intensification of severity of workers’ control over work and esteem for men. A significantly higher esteem score resulted for field rather than office workers. Workers subjected to foul odors showed similar severity of psychosocial factors. Discussion. For most psychosocial dimensions, the organizational design and management system in place, as well as the overall cultural environment in which it operates, create a much stronger and more decisive impact than job-specific factors. 相似文献
949.
Saman Ghahri Behbood Mohebby Antonio Pizzi Ahmad Mirshokraie Hamid Reza Mansouri 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(5):1881-1890
In this research tannic acid was used to prepare soy-based adhesives for making plywood and fiber board. The different resin formulations were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its derivative as a function of temperature (DTG) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of tannic acid to soy-based adhesive decreased soy-based adhesive viscosity and its pH. The DSC analysis showed that the denaturation temperature of soy-based adhesives decrease by adding tannic acid. The TGA and DTG curves showed that the thermal degradation of soy flour starts above 146 °C. The FTIR spectroscopy results also showed that the soy flour amino acids appeared to react well with tannic acid. Furthermore, delamination and shear strength test results showed the good water resistance of plywood bonded with soy-based tannic acid-modified adhesive. The mechanical and physical properties such as MOR, MOE, IB, and water resistance of fiberboard were improved, by adding tannic acid to the soy-based adhesive. 相似文献
950.
Antonio Longinelli Renzo Lenaz Carlo Ori Leonardo Langone Enricomaria Selmo Federico Giglio 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(34):4303-4311
Continuous measurements of the CO2 concentration were repeatedly carried out from 1996 to 2007 between Italy and New Zealand by means of a Siemens Ultramat 5E analyzer assembled for shipboard use. Along the ship routes discrete air samples were collected from 1998 to 2005 using four-litre Pyrex flasks. The δ13C of the CO2 from the flask air samples was measured according to well-established techniques. The decadal changes of these two variables can now be evaluated from these results. Large variations of the CO2 concentration were normally recorded in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Completely different trends of the CO2 concentration were observed in the Red Sea (30° N to about 13° N) between 2007 (a marked southward decrease) and 2005 and 2003 when a marked southward increase is apparent, at least between 23° and 13° N. A further difference among different expeditions is related to the decrease or increase of the CO2 concentration in the Gulf of Aden. The backward trajectories of the air masses help to explain, at least partially, these differences. In the Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean a decrease of a few ppmv of the CO2 concentration takes place from Cape Guardafui (Northern Somaliland) to southern New Zealand, particularly during 2005 and 2007. The yearly rate of increase of the CO2 concentration between 1996 and 2007 for the Indian Ocean is of about 1.9 ppmv yr?1, in excellent agreement with the NOAA/CMDL measurements carried out during the same period at Mahé Isld. (Indian Ocean) and Cape Grim (Tasmania). The δ13C results obtained from the CO2 of flask samples collected in the Mediterranean show the effect of anthropogenic emissions, though this is considerably smaller than expected. This inconsistency may be related to the large terrestrial biospheric sink of CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere. The results obtained from the Red Sea are quite variable through time and space, particularly in its southern section; their interpretation is not easy. The Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean show rather homogeneous δ13C results even though a variable carbon isotope shift can be calculated from period/cruise to period/cruise. In the case of the Indian Ocean the mean δ13C value from the flask air samples collected in 2005 is ?8.29‰ and the calculated rate of the carbon isotope shift between 1998 and 2005 is ?0.034‰ yr?1, considerably larger than that calculated at the closest NOAA station (Mahé Isld.) of ?0.026‰ yr?1. This discrepancy may be, at least partially, caused by the small number of measurements carried out at sea. However, the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean is less affected by anthropogenic emissions than in other areas. 相似文献