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651.
Brian Miller Richard Reading Courtney Conway Jerome A. Jackson Michael Hutchins Noel Snyder Steve Forrest Jack Frazier Scott Derrickson 《Environmental management》1994,18(5):637-645
This paper discusses common organizational problems that cause inadequate planning and implementation processes of endangered
species recovery across biologically dissimilar species. If these problems occur, even proven biological conservation techniques
are jeopardized. We propose a solution that requires accountability in all phases of the restoration process and is based
on cooperative input among government agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations, and the academic community. The
first step is formation of a task-oriented recovery team that integrates the best expertise into the planning process. This
interdisciplinary team should be composed of people whose skills directly address issues critical for recovery. Once goals
and procedures are established, the responsible agency (for example, in the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service)
could divest some or all of its obligation for implementing the plan, yet still maintain oversight by holding implementing
entities contractually accountable. Regular, periodic outside review and public documentation of the recovery team, lead agency,
and the accomplishments of implementing bodies would permit evaluation necessary to improve performance. Increased cooperation
among agency and nongovernmental organizations provided by this model promises a more efficient use of limited resources toward
the conservation of biodiversity. 相似文献
652.
Carol J. Miller Manoj Mishra 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(3):551-556
ABSTRACT: The existence and importance of macro-pores to the containment efficiency of cover clay liners at waste landfills is documented. Macro-pores exist as voids, or cracks, and act to increase the volume and rate of leakage through cover liners. Existing numerical models used to simulate flow through clay liners are shown to neglect the macro-pore aspect of the problem. Current theories of macro-pore flow developed from related areas of research are presented, and applications to the landfill liner problem are considered. 相似文献
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We determined the association between radionuclide deposition levels from nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and
cancer mortality rates in 513 counties of the Midwestern states of Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. The 10-day
cumulative deposition for 54 radionuclides and 1-year cumulative deposition for 19 radionuclides were determined with isotope
ratios based on each test and 131I levels in the 513 counties obtained from the US National Cancer Institute’s 131I fallout study. Deposition calculations were done for each test and each radionuclide. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates
for 84 organ-gender combinations for the periods 1950–1959, 1960–1969, 1970–1979, and 1979–1995 were used. Analyses included
permutation-based randomization tests for Spearman rank correlation (adjusted for multiple testing). Age-adjusted cancer mortality
rates for connective and soft tissue sarcoma, thymus, and female lymphosarcoma and cancer of the colon, brain, thyroid, and
uterus were significantly correlated with total fallout and total precipitation during 1951–1957 and 1962. 187W had the highest cumulative deposition density at 10 days postshot (2783 MBq/m2) among the NTS radionuclides considered. The most significant correlations were observed for 10-day cumulative deposition
density of 181W, 185W, 54Mn, 187W, 24Na, 185W, 199Au, 7Be, 60Co, and deposition density of 185W, 54Mn, 7Be, and 60Co present at 1-year with mortality for cancers such as female connective and soft tissue sarcoma, male and female thymus,
female colon, male and female thyroid, female brain, male multiple myeloma, female breast, and uterine cancer. Significant
correlations included isotopic forms of mutagenic metals such as antimony, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, manganese,
rhodium, selenium, tellurium, and tungsten. The large number of significant correlation tests beyond expectation warrants
deeper questions related to the toxicology of fission products and induced radionuclides, validity of kriging procedures,
and new studies on core sampling of watersheds and trees in regions assumed to receive the greatest levels of environmental
radiocontamination.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
656.
Charles G. Hanlon R. L. Miller B. F. McPherson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(4):951-961
ABSTRACT: Relationships between wind velocity and the vertical light attenuation coefficient (K0) were determined at two locations in a large, shallow lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). K0 was significantly correlated with antecedent wind conditions, which explained as much as 90 percent of the daily variation in K0. Sub-surface irradiance began to change within 60 to 90 minutes of the time when wind velocity exceeded or dropped below a threshold value. Maximum one hour changes in K0 were > 50 percent, however, 20 to 30 percent changes were more common. The magnitude of change in K0 varied spatially based on differences in sediment type. K0 never exceeded 2.8 at a location where bottom sediments were dominated by a mixture of coarse sand and shells. In comparison, K0 exceeded 9 during episodic wind events where the bottom sediment was comprised of fine grain mud. Underwater irradiance data can be used to determine threshold wind velocity and account for the influence sediment type has on K0. Once a threshold velocity has been established, the frequency, rate, and duration of expected change in underwater irradiance can be evaluated. This is critical information for scientists who are studying algal productivity or other light-related phenomena. 相似文献
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659.
J. A. Miller 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):483-494
Although distinct otolith elemental signatures are often observed in fish collected from different estuaries, significant
differences are also observed among sites within estuaries. Variation at these smaller spatial scales is not well quantified
and has the potential to lead to inappropriate interpretations of otolith elemental data. To quantify variation at multiple
scales, the otolith elemental composition (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Pb:Ca) of juvenile staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus Girard, 1854) collected from five sites within three estuaries, the Columbia River (two sites) and Coos Bay (one site), Oregon,
and Humboldt Bay, California (two sites), was examined. Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,
each otolith was sampled at three zones: (1) within the primordium, which represents the egg and early larval periods; (2)
at the outer edge, which represents the juvenile period just prior to collection; and (3) midway between the primordial and
edge samples, which represents the late larval and early juvenile period. There were significant differences in otolith metal-to-calcium
ratios at all scales examined. Using multi-element otolith signatures, fish were classified to estuary and site within estuary
with relatively high levels of accuracy (av = 70–90%). The largest differences in metal-to-calcium ratios were observed between
sites within estuaries (<5 km apart) and the smallest differences were observed among otolith zones. Variation in otolith
chemistry may be used to provide information on probable habitat use by estuarine fish but studies must be carefully designed.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
660.
This study used policy capturing to test the ‘figurehead’ assertion that executive pay level contributes to followers' perceptions of a leader's ability. Findings indicated human capital factors including promotion history, degree earned and university prestige all furnished more explanation than pay for CEO ratings. Results challenged the underlying logic of figurehead explanations for executive compensation to the rank and file. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献