CFB烧结烟气脱硫灰亚硫酸钙热氧化条件优化

循环流化床(CFB)是一种常用的半干法烟气脱硫工艺,该工艺的副产物主要为脱硫灰。含有大量亚硫酸钙的脱硫灰较难被利用,致使大量脱硫灰堆积,给环境保护和企业生产带来了巨大的压力。亚硫酸钙的存在限制了脱硫灰在建材领域的应用,只有将其氧化为硫酸钙才能实现其资源化。脱硫灰热氧化主要采用了立式管式炉,分别考察了反应温度、反应状态、氧含量、水汽的含量对亚硫酸钙氧化的影响。结果表明:温度对脱硫灰氧化的影响最大,其次为气体流速、氧含量和水汽含量。反应温度与反应速率呈正相关;增加氧气含量可以提高反应速率,但当氧含量高于30%时,反应速率趋于稳定;反应器温度在350℃时,亚硫酸钙开始缓慢反应,在400℃、无预热气速为75 mL·min~(-1)时,亚硫酸钙最大转化效率达到86%,预热处理后最大转化率达到90%;当水汽量0.88 g·L~(-1)时,水汽量的增加会抑制氧化的进行;当水汽含量0.88 g·L~(-1)时,则会促进反应的进行。以上结果对指导脱硫灰热氧化处理和节能环保具有理论与实践意义。     

Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...     

石油降解菌的筛选优化及其对油污土壤的修复特性

分别以牛肉膏蛋白胨-布氏哈斯培养基、蓝色凝胶培养基作为初筛和复筛培养基,从石油污染土壤中筛选出2株可产生微生物表面活性剂的石油烃降解菌。并将菌株投加到油污土壤中进行修复研究,考查了不同影响因素对修复效果的影响。研究结果表明,(1)2株菌对中度石油污染土壤有较好的修复效果,向油污土壤中直接投加菌株修复70 d时对石油烃的去除率为52%;(2)向油污土壤中投加降解菌并同时补充氮营养液,修复70 d时对土壤中总石油烃的去除率可达到75%;对土壤中正构烷烃的去除率为66%;(3)与土壤的含水率及土著菌的降解效果相比,向油污土壤中投加降解菌以及补充氮磷营养液是影响石油污染土壤修复效果的关键因素。     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

河滨220kV智能变电站系统调试关键问题分析

以河滨智能变电站220 kV部分二次侧调试为对象,对全站二次回路和保护装置进行分析,通过调试,解决了变电站中户外智能组件柜相关回路和户内保护装置存在的问题。结果表明:户外2套智能终端的正确配合,是保证智能变电站二次回路和信号回路正确性和完整性的关键。     

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Nine typical waste incinerating plants were investigated for polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) contents in their stack gas. The incinerators investigated include those used to incinerate municipal solid, aviation, medical, and hazardous wastes including those encountered in cement kilns. PCNs were qualified and quantified by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry techniques. An unexpectedly high concentration of PCNs (13,000 ng?Nm^?3) was found in the stack gas emitted from one waste incinerator. The PCN concentrations ranged from 97.6 to 874 ng?Nm^?3 in the other waste incinerators. The PCN profiles were dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, with mono- to tetra-CNs being the main homologues present. Furthermore, the relationships between PCNs and other unintentional persistent organic pollutants involving polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were examined to ascertain the closeness or otherwise of their formation mechanisms. A good correlation was observed between ΣPCN (tetra- to octa-CN) and ΣPCDF (tetra- to octa-CDF) concentrations suggesting that a close relationship may exist between their formation mechanisms. The results would provide an improved understanding of PCN emissions from waste incinerators.     

Contamination and emission factors of PCDD/Fs, unintentional PCBs, HxCBz, PeCBz and polychlorophenols in chloranil in China

The production of chloranil is regarded as a potentially significant source of unintentional POPs. This research aimed to identify the contamination levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz) and polychlorophenols in chloranil samples and identify the formation pathways. The toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values for PCDD/Fs in the chloranil samples ranged from 163 to 1 540 200 pg I-TEQ g⁻¹, while the PCB TEQ values ranged from 1.9 to 3.3 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹. High levels of HxCBz, PeCBz and polychlorophenols were also detected in the chloranil samples. The average emission factors were 522.2 mg I-TEQ t⁻¹ (PCDD/Fs), 0.0026 mg WHO-TEQ t⁻¹ (PCBs), 32.6 mg t⁻¹ (HxCBz), and 136.6 mg t⁻¹ (PeCBz). The PCDD/Fs and PCBs are thought to be formed from the polychlorophenols and polychlorobenzenes generated during the chloranil production process. Purification of the chloranil products can reduce the unintentional POPs releases and protect the environment.     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等.无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的.城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统.通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

基于地理探测器的地表水质影响因素研究——以山西省吕梁市为例

水质变化的影响因素是地表水研究的重要内容.为揭示市域尺度规模的地表水质污染特点及其影响因素,本文以山西省吕梁市为例,通过断面水质评价法对研究区内24个监测断面的地表水质污染状况进行评价.在此基础上,利用地理探测器分析自然因素(包括年均气温、年均降水量、高程)与社会经济因素(包括土地利用类型、人口密度、人均GDP)对2020年吕梁市地表水质的影响与交互作用.结果表明：研究区域地表水质整体状况为轻度污染,部分断面存在中度污染,且在空间上分布不均匀,主要污染指标为■、NH₃-N和TP.地表水质是多种因素共同作用的结果,与自然因素相比,社会经济因素对地表水质的影响更加明显.人口密度、年平均降水量和土地利用类型是吕梁市地表水质的主要影响因素,各因素的影响程度在交互作用后均有所增强.人均GDP和高程在与其他因素交互后为非线性增强,可作为地表水质空间预测模型的辅助因素.