钴铜铁三元类水滑石材料催化过硫酸氢钾复合盐降解苯酚

采用共沉淀法制备过渡金属钴、铜、铁组成的钴铜铁三元类水滑石材料(CoCuFe-LDH),用于催化过硫酸氢钾复合盐(PMS)降解水中苯酚,并考察了初始pH、CoCuFe-LDH催化剂投加量、PMS用量对苯酚降解效率的影响。实验结果表明:CoCuFeLDH对PMS的催化活性较高;在pH为中性,催化剂为0.20g/L,PMS为2.5mmol/L,苯酚为50mg/L的条件下处理60min,苯酚的去除率可达96%;当催化剂投加量分别为0.05、0.10、0.15g/L,反应40min时,苯酚的去除率分别为76%、82%和91%。自由基猝灭实验表明,CoCuFe-LDH/PMS催化体系中存在硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,但硫酸根自由基为主要活性自由基。     

Removal of carbon dioxide by a spray dryer

With the global warming due to greenhouse effects becoming serious, many efforts are carried out to decrease the emissions of CO2 from the combustion of carbonaceous materials. In Taiwan, there are 19 large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators running and their total emission of CO2 is about 16,950 kton y-1. Spray dryer is the most prevailing air pollution control devise for removing acid gas in waste incineration; however, the performance of spray dryer on the removal of CO2 is seldom studied. This study employs a laboratory-scale spray dryer to investigate the removal efficiency of CO2 under different operating conditions. The evaluated parameters include different absorbents mixed with CaOH2, operating temperature, the concentration of absorbent, and the inlet concentration of CO2. Experimental results show that the best removal efficiency of CO2 by a spray dryer is 48% as the absorbent is 10%NaOH+5%CaOH2 and the operating temperature is 150 degrees C. Comparing this result with previous study shows that the performance of spray dryer is better than traditional NaOH wet scrubber. For NaOH+CaOH2 spray dryer, the removal efficiency of CO2 is decreased with the inlet concentration of CO2 increased and the optimum operating temperature is 150 degrees C. Except NaOH+CaOH2, absorbents DEA+CaOH2, TEA+CaOH2, and single CaOH2 are not effective in removing CO2 by a spray dryer.     

田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测工作的质量保证

总结了田湾核电站外围辐射环境监测中的质量保证实施情况，包括：人员培训和考核，仪器设备溯源，样品采集、运输、贮存及生物样品前处理的质控，样品分析和现场监测的质控，数据的记录处理和管理要求等，最后提出几点建议。     

介质特性对DBD降解苯的影响

为了提高介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)等离子体的处理效率,研究了内外介质组成分别为:(1)石英 石英;(2)陶瓷 石英;(3)陶瓷 陶瓷这3种情况下苯的降解情况.试验结果表明,在处理低浓度含苯废气时,陶瓷 陶瓷效果最好;陶瓷(内管) 石英(外管)在处理高浓度含苯废气时显示出优势.通过对气相产物和固相结焦产物的分析验证了DBD能有效降解苯,降解产物不会带来新的污染.进一步分析了实验条件和介质材料的变化对DBD降解苯的影响机理.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。     

Cu/ZnO-RGO的抗菌性能及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备铜锌复合氧化物（Cu/ZnO）,并将Cu/ZnO纳米粒子负载到还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）表面制备Cu/ZnO-RGO复合材料.对Cu/ZnO-RGO复合材料进行表征分析及抗菌性能考察,结果表明,Cu/ZnO纳米粒子成功负载在RGO表面,负载前后Cu/ZnO纳米粒子形态不发生改变,复合材料纯度较高.Cu/ZnO-RGO复合材料对大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌均有着优异的抗菌性能,可以破坏细菌细胞膜,导致细菌内容物流出,延长细菌进入对数生长期所需的时间.当RGO质量分数为15%?Cu/ZnO-RGO复合材料使用量为120μg/mL时,在循环冷却水系统中作用2h即可拥有96.76%的抗菌率.     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

厌氧条件下可溶性有机质对汞的还原与氧化作用

在沉积物、湿地和淹水的水稻土中天然可溶性有机质(DOM),如胡敏酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)处于还原状态,其介导Hg(Ⅱ)的还原,影响汞的转化及地球化学循环.本文通过模拟黑暗厌氧环境,研究还原态HA与FA对Hg(Ⅱ)的还原.结果表明,还原态HA与FA的还原容量高于对照氧化态HA与FA.还原态HA与FA对Hg(Ⅱ)的还原最佳浓度分别是0. 2mg·L~(-1)和1. 5 mg·L~(-1).而高于最佳浓度时,由于发生巯基竞争性络合作用,抑制Hg(Ⅱ)的还原;特别是还原态HA大于5mg·L~(-1)时,不能还原Hg(Ⅱ)为Hg(0).还原态HA与FA对Hg(Ⅱ)的还原反应动力学表明:有机碳(DOC)与Hg(Ⅱ)摩尔比DOC∶Hg(Ⅱ)=400∶1时,还原反应速率IHSS-HA FRC-HA FRC-FA;高摩尔比[DOC∶Hg(Ⅱ)=10 000∶1]时,还原态HA对Hg(Ⅱ)的还原反应停止,甚至向相反方向进行.还原态HA与FA对Hg(0)氧化结果表明,当还原态HA与FA浓度分别增加至5 mg·L~(-1)和10 mg·L~(-1)时,样品中检测不到Hg(0),还原态HA与FA对Hg(0)发生诱导性氧化络合作用.在汞的氧化还原与络合作用中,还原态DOM扮演双重角色,影响活性汞的可利用性,进而影响微生物汞的甲基化.     

磁性核壳CoFe2O4@SiO2@PIL-AO复合材料的制备及其吸附U (VI)性能研究

通过化学合成法制备了磁性核壳CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂@PIL-AO复合材料,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对其进行了表征,研究了溶液pH、吸附时间、U （VI）初始浓度和温度等参数对U （VI）吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明：在c₀=0.2 mg·L^-1、pH=6.00±0.05、T=298.15 K、m=0.02 g和t=8 h的条件下,CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂@PIL-AO对U （VI）的吸附作用最强,吸附率达到了97.54%;CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂@PIL-AO吸附U （VI）是一个自发进行的吸热反应,U （VI）吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂@PIL-AO复合材料具有良好的可循环使用性,循环使用5次后它对U （VI）的吸附容量没有明显下降,可重复使用.     

基于模糊层次分析法的编队内碰撞风险评价模型研究

编队内碰撞是编队飞行最大的安全威胁。为解决编队飞行灵活性与编队飞行安全的矛盾,建立了编队内各机碰撞风险评价模型指标体系,使用模糊互补判断矩阵确定了各指标的碰撞权重,实现了编队内各机碰撞的风险评估。以空军航空兵某部一架机型G与一架机型H混合双机编队为例进行了实证研究,结果表明,该模型简便易操作,可提高编队飞行训练效率。