Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the development of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

基于CDIO的民航安全工程课程体系研究

研究、对比了行业特色性和通用行业安全性两种现行安全工程课程体系的现状及存在的主要问题,提出了基于CDIO的民航安全工程课程体系,即C＂构思＂：以产业需求为导向从基本素质、技能、经验和意识4个方面设置了民航安全专业人才能力要求;D＂设计＂：设计了理论知识和技术、应用技能、实验实践和意识4大模块的课程体系,其中理论知识和技术模块采用2＋X＋1和模块化教学模式;I＂实施＂：从＂工程师＂模式教师团队培养、项目教学方法改革、教材建设同步产业需求、实验和实践环节建设等落实课程体系;O＂运行＂：通过多渠道获取反馈信息,进而评估、修订、完善课程体系的＂构思＂,实现民航安全工程课程体系系统管理、闭环管理、持续改进。该模式弥补了安全工程课程体系不是以＂工作能力需求＂为导向、课程体系与产业需求脱节和理论与实践无法有机结合等问题。     

中部六省区制造业地理集中度分析

中部六省区在我国经济社会发展格局中占据重要地位.采用Eillison和Glaser设计的公式计算了中部六省区制造业17个行业从2007-2010年间的地理集中指数.通过对地理集中指数的分析发现,中部六省区制造业存在“小范围小幅度集中,大范围大幅度扩散”现象,且集中主要存在于化学纤维制造业、化学原料及化学制品制造业和专用设备制造业这些技术和资本密集型行业.从制造业17个行业扩散大于集中的现象可见,中部六省区目前还处于聚集效应的下降阶段.     

硫酸锰废渣浸出液对斑马鱼的毒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

已有研究表明,堆积在湘西花垣河河岸的硫酸锰废渣含有多种重金属,可能是导致花垣河河水和沉积物重金属污染的主要原因.为了评价硫酸锰废渣的潜在生态风险和对水生动物的毒性,本研究分析了硫酸锰废渣浸出液中的主要重金属成分,用漫出液对斑马鱼进行了急性毒性实验,观察在急性胁迫下斑马鱼的体征变化,测定了斑马鱼在亚致死浓度下的生化指标的...     

Atmospheric-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) study at five characteristic sampling sites in Taiwan

The main purpose for this study is to observe the seasonal and month variations for particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) in total suspended particulates (TSP) concentration, dry deposition at five characteristic sampling sites during years of 2009-2010 in central Taiwan. The results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP were occurred in Dec. and Oct. at Gao-mei (wetland), Chang-hua (downtown) and He-mei (residential) sampling site. In addition, the results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition was occurred in Feb. and Oct. at Quan-xing (industrial) sampling site. This study reflected that the mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were occurred at Gao-mei (wetland) and Quan-xing (industrial). However, the mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were also occurred at Gao-mei (wetland). Regarding seasonal variation, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP in winter and spring were Gao-mei (wetland) > Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential). Finally, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition in fall, spring and summer were Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential) > Gao-mei (wetland).     

Changes in the area of inland lakes in arid regions of central Asia during the past 30 years

Inland lakes are major surface water resource in arid regions of Central Asia. The area changes in these lakes have been proved to be the results of regional climate changes and recent human activities. This study aimed at investigating the area variations of the nine major lakes in Central Asia over the last 30 years. Firstly, multi-temporal Landsat imagery in 1975, 1990, 1999, and 2007 were used to delineate lake extents automatically based on Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) threshold segmentation, then lake area variations were detailed in three decades and the mechanism of these changes was analyzed with meteorological data and hydrological data. The results indicated that the total surface areas of these nine lakes had decreased from 91,402.06 km² to 46,049.23 km² during 1975?C2007, accounting for 49.62% of their original area of 1975. Tail-end lakes in flat areas had shrunk dramatically as they were induced by both climate changes and human impacts, while alpine lakes remained relatively stable due to the small precipitation variations. With different water usage of river outlets, the variations of open lakes were more flexible than those of other two types. According to comprehensive analyses, different types of inland lakes presented different trends of area changes under the background of global warming effects in Central Asia, which showed that the increased human activities had broken the balance of water cycles in this region.     

潮土中磷锌交互作用机制探讨及磷对锌吸附-解吸的影响

采用室内培养和吸附解吸两种方法,探讨了潮土中磷、锌交互作用机制。结果表明：土壤中DTPA提取态锌质量分数随添加锌量的增加而增加,低磷质量分数处理可提高土壤锌有效性,但高磷质量分数处理却降低了土壤锌的有效性;土壤速效磷质量分数均随锌添加量的增加而有所降低。在施锌25 mg.kg-1背景下,土壤中DTPA提取态锌质量分数随施磷质量分数的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,在添加磷量小于180 mg.kg-1时,土壤DTPA提取态锌质量分数显著地高于其他处理,但随添加磷量的增加,土壤DTPA提取态锌质量分数显著降低,当磷添加量大于540 mg.kg-1时,土壤DTPA提取态锌质量分数明显低于其他磷处理,说明当添加磷量小于180 mg.kg-1时,磷提高土壤中锌有效性的主要机制是二者竞争吸附土壤胶体表面吸附点位的竞争机制;当添加磷量大小540 mg.kg-1时,磷影响锌有效性的主要机制为沉淀作用。在土壤施磷量为180 mg.kg-1时,随添加锌质量分数的提高,土壤中速效磷质量分数呈先升高后降低趋势。吸附-解吸研究表明,随土壤中速效磷质量分数的提高（27.60~2773.86 mg.kg-1）,土壤对锌的吸附量先降低再增加,而KCl解吸的锌量却是先增加再降低。因此潮土中磷锌交互作用机制为,土壤中磷和锌质量分数均较低时,磷与锌有效性呈协同作用;当磷或锌质量分数过高时,协同作用减弱;磷和锌质量分数再增加二者的有效性将出现拮抗作用。     

基于蒙特卡罗法的圆柱形储罐泄漏时间分析

泄漏持续时间是影响事故后果定量风险评价的关键因素之一.已有的泄漏时间计算多是基于参数确定性考虑,计算结果往往与实际数值有较大的偏差.在分析泄漏源模型的基础上,推导了圆柱形储罐泄漏时间理论计算公式,并从影响因素的不确定性分析出发,选用已知状态变量下的分布函数加以描述.同时,结合蒙特卡罗法解决了输入参数的不确定性.通过实例模拟,揭示了连续泄漏事故场景下储罐内物料发生完全泄漏的时间分布规律,并提出了最大有效泄漏持续时间概念.     

剪切力对好氧颗粒污泥的影响及其脱氮除磷特性研究

以普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,以人工配制模拟生活污水为进水,采用有机负荷调控法,在SBR反应器内培养富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥,研究剪切力对好氧颗粒污泥理化特性及生物学特性的影响,并探讨好氧颗粒污泥的同步脱氮除磷特性.首先SBR以厌氧/好氧方式运行,采用有机负荷调控法培养出富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥,其粒径在1.0～2.0 mm,SVI在20～22 mL/g,MLVSS/MLSS为91.0％,活性污泥比耗氧速率(SOUR)为45.32 mg/(g·h).颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能和较高的生物量,磷酸盐去除率为78％ ～ 99％.然后通过控制搅拌机转速研究4种不同剪切力(以剪切应力表示为0.120 N/m2、0.151 N/m2、0.184 N/m2、0.220 N/m2)条件下好氧颗粒污泥的颗粒化进程、颗粒污泥形态及生物活性.结果表明,当剪切力在0.120-0.220 N/m2之间时,剪切力越大,培养出的好氧颗粒污泥的结构越密实,形状越规则,生物活性越强;在一定范围内(0.120～0.184N/m2),剪切力越大,污泥的颗粒化进程越快,培养出的颗粒污泥的粒径越大;但当剪切力为0.220 N/m2时,污泥的颗粒化进程反而变慢,培养出的较大的颗粒污泥解体,颗粒污泥的粒径反而变小.最后采用逐渐增加进水NH;-N负荷的方法诱导具有同步脱氮除磷能力的好氧颗粒污泥,25d后,SBR对NH4+-N、TN、PO3-4--P的去除率分别达到99.7％、89.8％及94.5％.     

外军皮肤防护器材化学防护性能测试与评价用标准物质研究进展

本文简迷了皮肤防护器材--化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的重要性,系统地概述了外军化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的研究现状,并提出了我国化学防护服(衣)防护性能试验与评价用标准物质研制过程中应注意的一些问题.