我国河流水质评价污染因子选择方案探讨

在选用综合污染指数法进行地表水水质评价时 ,由于污染因子选择不尽一致 ,造成地表水水质评价结果不具有可比性。为了使地表水评价结果具有可比性 ,必须选择相对固定的评价因子。笔者对我国七大流域 1 990～ 2 0 0 1年水质监测数据进行了全面分析 ,提出了能够反映我国河流污染现状的污染因子选择方案。     

镉对蓖麻耐性生理及营养元素吸收转运的影响

通过营养液栽培实验,研究了不同浓度Cd(0、25、50、100、200μmol·L-1)处理对能源植物蓖麻生长、生理特性、Cd积累以及营养元素吸收的影响.结果表明,200μmol·L-1的Cd处理使叶片、茎部鲜重和植株总鲜重分别下降了63.68%、55.21%和52.69%,根系鲜重则无显著变化;叶片过氧化氢和丙二醛含量分别提高了3.81和2.22倍,产生了明显的氧化胁迫作用;酸溶性巯基、还原型谷胱甘肽和植物络合素含量分别提高了1.73、12.63和1.62倍,GSH对于蓖麻Cd胁迫具有显著的缓解作用.根系Cd积累量和植株总积累量分别增加了3.15和2.41倍,蓖麻主要将Cd富集在其根系,有助于减轻Cd对地上部的毒害.Cd抑制蓖麻植株K和Ca的吸收,促进根系和茎部P吸收,高浓度Cd抑制P向叶片的转运;植株Zn和Cu含量、根系和茎部Mg含量表现为低促高抑,植株Mn含量及根系Fe含量表现为低抑高促.可见,Cd处理对不同营养元素的吸收有着不同的影响,应根据Cd胁迫条件下不同营养元素吸收特性来合理调控其供应.     

水质自动监测站数据质控研究

随着环境监测技术的不断发展,水质自动监测以其高效、精确、连续监测等诸多优点,正逐步成为当今水环境监测的主流.然而中国水质自动监测技术起步较晚,且涉及的领域较多,很多关于水质自动站数据质控的相关标准不能及时出台,而且各个地方的河流分布、水文情况及水质自动站建设情况都不尽相同,这就需要对原有的手工监测标准进行比较和分析,同时结合对水质自动站运维管理的经验,找出适合目前水质自动站运行管理的质控手段.     

基于GIS和BP神经网络模型的PM10浓度预测与空间分布研究

耦合GIS和BP神经网络模型,探讨不同算法和隐藏神经元数对PM10浓度预测和空间分布的影响,结果显示:不同算法的PM10浓度预测值与监测值的平均相关系数和平均相对误差分别为0.85和17.58％,Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法在隐藏神经元数为20时预测精度最高.相同算法,不同隐藏层神经元数对PM10浓度的预测结果影响较大,不同算法,相同神经元数对PM10浓度的预测结果影响较小.不同算法的PM10浓度空间分布模拟在中北部的高风险区和东南部的低风险区与监测数据结果基本一致.     

Lead (Pb) exposure and heart failure risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with widespread industrial use, but it is also a widespread environmental contaminant with serious toxicological...     

A sustainability assessment of a high-yield agroecosystem in Huantai County,China

Sustainable agricultural development is a perennial issue for agricultural researchers, government managers, and policy makers worldwide, but especially in developing countries. In China, farms in Shandong Province epitomize modern agriculture and play a vital role in providing food for the burgeoning population. However, Chinese agriculture is being challenged by declining resources and environmental deterioration resulting from modern farming practices. China must establish an efficient agricultural sustainability index (ASI) to evaluate agricultural conditions and offer recommendations for sustainable development. Here, we use Huantai County, Shandong Province to test a regionalscale ASI from social, economic and ecological factors that includes 11 sustainability indicators. To further evaluate the complex agroecosystem, we employed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and AMOEBA methods to assess agricultural sustainability from 1982 to 2003. The results show that environmental problems, especially groundwater depletion, are limiting regional sustainable development.     

Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concept of yield gap analysis can be used to meet the growing demands for agricultural products. Sustainable development goals (e.g. SDG1 and...     

新型L沸石在FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂中的应用研究

采用等体积浸渍法,制备了一系列含有相同含量活性组分(MoO3、CoO和NiO)不同USL沸石含量的加氢脱硫催化剂。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附、吡啶红外(Py-FTIR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等分析方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:与Cat.0(参比剂,仅以γ-Al2O3为载体)相比,添加USL沸石催化剂所得加氢油的烯烃含量、芳烃含量和研究法辛烷值(RON)均增加;仅当催化剂载体中USL沸石加量在0~40m%之间变化时,加氢油的异构烷烃含量呈上升趋势;而当载体中USL沸石添加量在0~20m%之间变化时,催化剂的脱硫率有所升高。综合对比,当载体中USL沸石添加量约为40m%,催化剂具有最佳的综合性能指标,脱硫率达90%,RON损失仅为1.5左右。     

煤化工煤焦油逸出废气回收利用技术研究

通过对河北省秦皇岛市耀华玻璃工业园有限公司地下300m,储油罐煤焦油逸出废油气进行实验室模拟实验,现场实际工程设计、制造、安装、调试、检验等实践研究,采用“冷凝＋自激吸收器＋吸收＋活性炭吸附”油气处理回收技术,并独创了自激吸收器新技术,处理后的煤焦油逸出废气完全达到了国家《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》（GB16171—2012）的相关要求。     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.